Comprehensive research involving quantitative restoration of paleo-geotherm，paleo-geomorphology，sedimentary environment，and geological events were conducted to study the formation environment and genesis of hydrocarbon-rich shales in the Qingshankou Formation of northern Songliao Basin. The results show that the Ro of the hydrocarbon-rich shales in the Qingshankou Formation of Songliao Basin mainly ranges from 0.75% to 1.60%，with a high content of free hydrocarbons，mainly from 4 to 12 mg/g，formed under a high-temperature thermal basin background with a paleo-geothermal gradient of 50 to 70 ℃/km. Under the background of extensional geodynamics and thermal subsidence，shale layers controlled by densely fractured normal fault zones were formed. The paleo-geomorphology，characterized by two depressions and a protrusion，provided a conducive environment for the formation and evolution of these shales. The warm and humid climate of the lacustrine environment，along with magmatic hydrothermal fluids，laid the material foundation for the proliferation of algae，which was crucial for the development of thick layers of hydrocarbon-rich shales. The semi-deep lacustrine with oxygen deficiency，deep lake reduction，and strong reduction environment were conducive to the burial of organic matter. Comprehensive analysis indicates that the coupling effects of tectonics，lacustrine sedimentation，and paleo-geothermal conditions provided the tectonic background and thermodynamic conditions of hydrocarbon-rich shales. The warm and humid climate，anoxic environment，and nutrients brought by volcanic hydrothermal fluids are important reasons for the formation of hydrocarbon-rich shales.

The timing of the final closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean is one of the controversial issues in the field of geoscience.The central Jilin Province, which was controlled by the evolution of the Paleo-Asian tectonic regime during the Paleozoic, is an ideal place to resolve the above issue.The authors conducted systematic zircon U-Pb geochronological and geochemical studies on lithic sandstones and silty slates from Yangjiagou Formation in the Dakouqin area, central Jilin Province, and determined the deposition time and provenance characteristics of Yangjiagou Formation.The maximum depositional age of the formation can be constrained by the youngest weighted average age of detrital zircons, and therefore the lower depositional ages of the two lithic sandstones samples (PM001-38-TW1 and PM001-135-TW1) from Yangjiagou Formation were determined to be (255 ± 5) Ma and (251 ±2) Ma, which are consistent to the Permian and Triassic boundary (251.902 ±0.024) Ma.Combined with the ages of zircons that captured from the surrounding Late Triassic monzogranite dated (235-227) Ma, and the timing of the monzogranite aged (232 ±2) Ma which intruded in, the Yangjiagou Formation in the study area would deposit during the Late Permian.Whole rock major and trace element geochemical data of the lithic sandstones and silty slates from Yangjiagou Formation indicate that w (SiO2) ranges from 65.13% to 70.73%, w (Al2O3) form 14.75% to 17.29%, w (K2O) form 2.43% to 3.87%, w (Na2O) form 1.59% to 3.26%, and the ratio of K2O/ Na2O is from 0.75 to 2.34.The light rare earth elements are relatively enriched, while the heavy rare earth elements are depleted, with LREE/ HREE and Eu/ Eu∗ ratios of 6.98-9.09 and 0.56-0.70, respectively.Based on the CIA-ICV diagram, the source composition discrimination diagram and the tectonic setting discrimination diagram, the sedimentary provenance of Yangjiagou Formation has experienced a relatively moderate weathering with a high maturity.The Yangjiagou Formation whose source rocks are mainly felsic, were deposited in active continental margin or continental island arc.Detrital zircon age distributions of Yangjiagou Formation can be divided into five groups: Paleoproterozoic (1 819- 1 785 Ma), Meso-Neoproterozoic (1 491-561 Ma), Cambrian-Carboniferous (522-301 Ma), Early and Middle Permian (295-259 Ma), and Late Permian to Middle Triassic (258-238 Ma).Based on previous studies of regional magmatism, Yangjiagou Formation has bidirectional provenance characteristics (North China Plate and Xing􀆳an-Mongolian Orogenic Belt).The provenance attribute and paleontological evidence of Yangjiagou Formation show a tectonic transition from collisional orogeny to a stable tectonic environment.Combined with the characteristics of magmatism in the study area, the final closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean in central Jilin Province is considered to happen in the Late Permian-Middle Triassic.

 The Wutaishan--Hengshan Archean greenstone belt type gold deposit in Shanxi Province is one of the largest and very typical gold deposits in the greenstone belts of the North China plate． It mainly occurs in the cherty iron-formation of Baizhiyan and Jingangku formations and in the mica-quartz schist of Hongmenyan Formation of Wutai Group． Typical gold deposits include Dongyaozhuang gold deposit in Wutaishan and Xiaobanyu gold deposit in Daixian． The gold orebodies are mainly stratified and lenticular，and the deposits are closely related to the cherty iron-formation in the Archaean greenstone belt and brittle-ductile shear zone． The ore rock type is characterized by pyritic sericite-albite schist，and gold mainly occurs in pyrite． Wall-rock alterations such as silicification and pyritization are closely related to gold mineralization． The gold deposit is a metamorphic hydrothermal type， which is closely related to the cherty iron-formation in the Archaean greenstone belt and the brittle-ductile shear zone．

The Baoligaomiao Formation，located in the Arshan area of the Da Hinggan Ling(Mts.)，comprises a continental sedimentary-volcanic rock series，predominantly formed of sedimentary clastic rocks and andesites，which have undergone regional metamorphism and have been converted into the low greenschist facies. This study focuses on the zircon U-Pb dating and geochemical analysis of the low-grade metamorphic rocks of Baoligao-miao Formation. By integrating lithologic petrographosed and metamorphic deformation characteristics，the research aims to reconstruct the protolith structure and explore the sedimentary setting. The results indicate that the LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb age of the metamorphic andesites in the Arshan area is approximately (312.1±1.2)Ma，belonging to the Late Carboniferous and Early Permian periods，and it is identified as part of Baoligaomiao Formation. The protolith assemblage of Baoligaomiao Formation in the Arshan area is a typical terrigenous intermediate-acidic volcano-sedimentary lacustrine facies. The sedimentary tectonic environment is the intra-arc basin of the active continental margin，which is consistent with the tectonic environment of the Late Carboniferous-Early Permian in Erlian-Hegenshan ophiolite-accretionary complex.

 Field investigation，petrology，zircon U--Pb dating and geochemical analyses have been conducted for the quartzdiorite from the Aligya Forest Farm in the northern Xing＇an block，in order to discuss its formation age，petrogenesis and tectonic environment． LA--ICP--MS zircon U--Pb dating reveals that the Aligya quartzdiorite was formed in the Early Permian ( 295 ± 6) Ma． The Aligya quartzdiorites amples have w ( SiO2 ) of 61. 99% ～ 63. 65% ，and display relatively high w ( Al2O3 ) ( 15. 87% ～ 16. 21% ) ，w ( MgO) ( 1. 62% ～ 2. 24% ) and w ( FeOT ) ( 6. 83% ～ 9. 10% ) ． They are enriched in Na ( K2O/ Na2O = 0. 45 ～ 0. 99) ，and are classified as the high --K calc-alkaline，and metaluminous to peraluminous rocks． In addition，the Aligya quartzdiorite shows negative Eu anomalies ( δEu = 0. 70 ～ 0. 95) ，with enrichments in large ionic lithophilic elements ( e. g.，Ｒb，Ba，U) ， depletions in high field strong elements ( e. g.，Nb，Ta，Ti) ． The above geochemical characteristics suggest that the parental magma of the quartzdiorite could be generated from partial melting of the middle-lower basaltic crust，which then experienced crustal contamination during subsequent ascending． Together with the findings of coeval Atype granites and bimodal igneous assemblages，it is proposed that the Aligya quartzdiorite was emplaced under an extensional environment after the collision between the Xing＇an and Songnen blocks．

The authors propose to increase the range of well constraints in inversion to control the strength of well constraints. By setting multiple geological body conditions and constraint inversion under different well conditions，the constraint effects of well data on geological body in gravity density inversion has been analyzed，and higher resolution inversion results are obtained. This method was used to delineate six iron ore locations in an area of Shandong Province.

 Full waveform inversion ( FWI) retrieves subsurface velocity parameters using waveform information such as travel-time，amplitude and phase of prestack seismic data． However，due to the absence of low-frequency components of seismic signals and the inaccuracy of initial model，the inversion often falls into local extreme values due to periodic jump phenomenon． Meanwhile，the accuracy of seismic wavelet and amplitude information also seriously affects the quality of inversion． A new full waveform inversion method of source-independent normalized global energy cross-correlation is proposed，which can effectively combine the characteristics of convolution wave field，normalized wave field and energy wave field to improve the stability and applicability of full waveform inversion． Numerical experiments show that the proposed method can alleviate the influence of amplitude distortion on inversion and construct an accurate large-scale velocity structure under the condition of inaccurate wavelet and absence of low-frequency of the source． Combined with the full waveform inversion method independent of the  source cross-correlation，an accurate underground velocity model can be constructed，and the proposed method has good anti-noise performance．

 Using Landsat5，Landsat7 and Landsat8 remote sensing satellite images，19 images in June were selected from 1991 to 2021． NDWI water index method and SVM classification method were used to monitor the change of water area in the main areas of Chagan Lake，and the dynamic analysis of the water area change was further conducted in combination with the annual average temperature and annual accumulated precipitation data of Songyuan City from 2000 to 2020． The results show that the water area of Chagan Lake displays a decreasing trend， with the maximum area appearing on June 13 of 1994 and the minimum area appearing on June 15 of 2021． From 1991 to 2009，the water area of Chagan Lake showed an overall increasing trend，whereas from 2010 to 2021，the water area of Chagan Lake showed an overall decreasing trend． The water area change in Chagan Lake is inversely proportional to the annual average temperature of Songyuan City，and directly proportional to the annual accumulated precipitation of Songyuan City．

 LA--ICP--MS zircon U--Pb dating and geochemical analysis ( major and trace elements) of Jinjialing granitic pluton in Fengcheng area of Liaodong Peninsula have been carried out，in order to reveal its petrogenesis and tectonic environment． The Jinjialing granite is a medium-fine grained biotite monzogranite，which was formed  in Early Cretaceous ( ( 127 ± 1) Ma and ( 122 ± 1) Ma) ． It is characterized by high w ( SiO2 ) ( 72. 44% ～ 77. 30% ) ，rich alkali ( 7. 90% ～ 9. 05% ) ，poor w ( CaO) ( 0. 48% ～ 1. 10% ) and w ( MgO) ( 0. 12% ～ 0. 54% ) ，with aluminum saturation index of 0. 87 ～ 1. 07，which belongs to metaaluminous to peraluminous transition type． The ＲEE distribution pattern is right-leaning，and the LＲEE is enriched and fractionated obviously， while the HＲEE is relatively depleted without fractionation． It shows strong Eu negative anomalies，with enrichments of large ion lithophile elements of Ｒb，K and high field strength elements of Th，Hf，depletions of Ba，Sr， P，Nb，Ta，Y． The above geochemical features indicate that the Jinjialing granitic pluton belongs to A1-type granite． The magma may have originated from partial melting of the lower crust and was formed in an extensional tectonic setting，which is closely related to the lithosphere thinning of the North China Craton

In order to constrain the tectonic evolution of the eastern part of the Jiao-Liao-Ji Orogenic Belt,the authors carried out a study on the petrogenesis and diagenetic tectonic background of the metamorphic gabbrocarbonatite complex in the Daxing iron mining area by using petrology, petrochemistry, petrogeochemistry and zircon U-Pb dating.The results show that the metamorphic gabbro-carbonatite complex in the Daxing iron mining area has the rock types of meta-gabbro, carbonatite and magnet ore body, and the mata-gabbro is the main rock type.Petrochemical study of the meta-gabbro showed that the w (SiO2) is from 44.23% to 48.80%, w (Na2O) is from 0.94% to 2.86%, w (K2O) is from 0.51% to 1.90%, w (TiO2) is from 0.42% to 0.93%, w (CaO) is from 8.73% to 14.78%, and the Na2O/ K2O ratio ranges from 1.12 to 2.27, MgO/ (FeO+MgO) ratio ranges from 0.54 to 0.60, (Mg2++Ni2+) / (Fe2++Fe3++Mn2+) ratio ranges from 1.44 to 2.02, Mg/ (Mg+Fe2+)ratio ranges from 0.60 to 0.68, and the differentiation index (DI) ranges from 11.76 to 31.79.The meta-gabbro rocks are basic-ultrabasic magma which is rich in iron and sodium, poor in potassium and titanium, and weak in differentiation.Geochemical studies show that the rocks are rich in large ion lithophile elements such as Rb, Ba [w (Rb) (4.80×10-6-74.82×10-6), w (Ba) (83.09×10-6-430.10×10-6)], and relatively rich in high field strength elements such as Hf, Th, Ta [w (Hf) (1.41×10-6-6.20×10-6), w (Th) (0.51×10-6-28.91×10-6),w (Ta) (0.47×10-6-9.91×10-6)], and ΣREE=(29.56×10-6-812.59×10-6 ); while, Nb is obviously depleted [ w (Nb) (2.94× 10-6-36.01× 10-6 ) ].The (Na2O+K2O) / TiO2 ratio is 0.10-5.54, Zr/ Y ratio is 1.93-5.67, La/ Nb ratio is 0.54-1.73, La/ Ta ratio is 5.53-11.13, Nb/ U ratio is 1.51-14.23.The geochemical characteristics are similar to continental tholeiitic basalts, and having the properties of intra-plate alkaline basalts.The carbonatite and meta-gabbro are interbedded.The average CaO/ (CaO+MgO+Fe2O3+FeO+MnO) ratio is 0.98, mean w (MgO) is 0.62, and mean w (FeO+Fe2O3+MnO) is 0.41.It is calcareous metamagnesic carbonatite which obviously rich in Sr [w (Sr) (1 727×10-6-1 794×10-6)].The complex magma may come from the partial melting of the asthenosphere enriched mantle, formed in the tectonic background of the stretching of the deep fault zone in the continental plate, and assimilated and mixed with crustal materials in a certain extent during the ascent.Most of the meta-gabbro zircons have the core-rim structure, the color of the core is mostly black.It is difficult to observe its internal structure, a few of the core can be seen wide oscillating bands.The Th/ U ratio is 0.23-4.19, which shows the characteristics of basic magmatic zircon.The weighted average age of 207Pb/ 206 Pb of the core is (2 098 ± 11) Ma (MSWD=1.2, n=18), which represents the condensation crystallization age of the gabbro.The color at the rims of the zircons is relatively light and uniform, without zonation,and the Th/ U ratio is 0.03-3.22, indicating metamorphic origin.The weighted average age of 207Pb/ 206Pb of the rims is (1 892 ±23) Ma (MSWD=2.2, n=14), which represents the metamorphic age of gabbro.Combined with regional geological data, it is considered that the eastern part of the Jiao-Liao-Ji Orogenic Belt was in a extensional tectonic environment in the Middle Paleoproterozoic, the formation of metamorphic gabbro-carbonatite complex in the Daxing iron mining area may be related to the extension during the tectonic evolution of the Songjiang-Chongshan fault zone.

 Aiming at the problem of urban building area change detection，an improved U--Net method is proposed to detect high-resolution remote sensing building area change． According to the characteristics of buildings in high-resolution remote sensing images，and the original U--Net network，atrous convolution and space pyramid pool structures are introduced，which expands the receptive field of the model to detect changes in the building area． In comparison to the change vector analysis ( CVA) ，principal component analysis ( PCA) and U--Net series models， the proposed method achieves the highest accuracy． Compared with the original model，the F1 score increased by 10. 98% ，IoU score increased by 13. 50% ，and the change detection effect significantly improved． The research shows that the improved U--Net outperforms the conventional method in dealing with the problem of building area change detection．

 In order to find out the hydrocarbon source characteristics and hydrocarbon generation potential of continental shales，the organic geochemical characteristics and comparative studies of the Ziliujing Formation shales in different areas of northeastern Sichuan were carried out by using a variety of testing methods，such as total organic carbon ( TOC) content，vitrinite reflectance ( Ｒo ) ，organic petrology，kerogen carbon isotope and group compo-nent carbon isotope determination． The characteristics and differences of main geochemical parameters were clarified，while the significance of the study of organic matter types for shale oil and gas exploration was discussed． The results show that the w ( TOC) of the shales in Dongyuemiao and Da ＇anzhai members of Ziliujing Formation is mainly between 0. 5% and 2. 0% ，with an average of more than 1. 2% ． The organic macerals are mainly vitrinite and filamentite，followed by solid asphalt and microsome． Type Ⅱ1，type Ⅱ2 and type Ⅲ organic matter are developed，mainly type Ⅱ2 ． The organic matter is in the mature to highly mature stage，with good shale oil and gas exploration potential． The type of organic matter of the Dong 1 sub-member in the Fuling area，eastern Sichuan， changes frequently in the vertical direction，and there is a slight reverse transformation of carbon isotope of kerogen of the shales of the Dong 2 and Dong 3 sub-members． It is speculated that this phenomenon is related to the migration of hydrocarbon． Meanwhile，it is proposed that the precise determination of the change of organic matter type in the vertical direction of the shale interval is helpful to identify the differences of hydrocarbon generation capacity and organic matter pore development in different intervals．

When a water-bearing karst structure exists，the temperature field of shallow strata will change. The shallow temperature measurement method can quickly and easily obtain shallow geothermal data，and the distribution of karst structures can be inferred through temperature differences. To study the feasibility of detecting karst conduit structures using shallow temperature measurement technology in a site in Panzhou City，Guizhou Province，and its surrounding areas，the numerical simulation methods were used. The results show that different burial depths of the structure significantly change the temperatures of shallow strata. For a single karst conduit structure (with an equivalent diameter of 0.5 m and water temperature of 12 ℃)，the maximum detectable depth is approximately 66 m. When the fluid temperature inside the conduit is 12 ℃，an increase in the effective flow cross-sectional area of the karst conduit structure will lower the temperature of the shallow strata. When the equivalent diameter changes within the range of 0.1 to 1.0 m，the change in the temperature of the strata at 2.0 m is within 0.02 ℃，making it difficult to identify changes in the effective flow cross-sectional area of karst structures using shallow temperature measurement. The change in fluid temperatures within a certain range (12 to 18 ℃)will alter the temperatures of the shallow strata，especially the impact of low-temperature fluids.

In this paper, fossil spores and pollen from the Lower Cretaceous Longjiang Formation in the Pi⁃ geon Hill fossil locality, Daur Autonomous Banner of Morin Dawa, Hulun Buir, Inner Mongolia, are systematically reported. Forty⁃nine genera and seventy species were identified. Gymnosperm pollen is dominant, among which un⁃ differentiated bisaccate “ancient” pollen is the main component, while pollen of Taxaceae, Pinaceae, Podocarpace⁃ ae and Cycadales accounts for a certain percentage. Spores of pteridophytes take the second place. They are mainly of Cyatheaceae, followed by spores of Lycopodiaceae, Lygodiaceae and Selaginellaceae. Angiosperm pollen occurs in small quantities. According to the composition characteristics, the present assemblage is named as Cyathidites ⁃⁃Taxodiaceaepollenites ⁃⁃Tricolpopollenites. Based on the index taxa, the geological age indicated by this palynological assemblage is assigned to Aptian⁃⁃Albian. The ecological habits of the mother plants in the present palynoflora indi⁃ cated that the Early Cretaceous climate in the Pigeon Hill area was warm and humid, possibly accompanied by sea⁃ sonal drought. 

 Based on the data of 0 cm land surface temperature and geological disasters of collapse and landslide from 107 national meteorological stations in Shanxi Province from 1981 to 2018，the temporal and spatial variations of 0 cm LST in Shanxi Province and its correlation with geological disasters were analyzed by using linear regression，M--K test，sliding t test and empirical orthogonal function ( EOF) spatio-temporal separation． The results  show that the interannual and seasonal ground temperatures in Shanxi Province showed an increasing trend． The ground temperature changed from cold to warm in spring of 1999，summer of 2002 and 2004，autumn of 2004 and winter of 1993，but the annual average ground temperature did not change． The empirical orthogonal analysis of EOF shows that the spatial variations of the first mode of the year and the four seasons have a good consistency，and the time series year and the four seasons have been consistent with the positive phase since 2004． The south and north of the second mode have the characteristics of the opposite direction． The geological disasters of spring collapse and landslide are positively correlated with the annual，spring and autumn ground temperature ( by 95% test) ，that is，when the annual，spring and autumn surface temperatures change from cold to warm，the occurrence of geological disasters in spring will change from less to more． Summer precipitation is positively correlated with annual and summer-autumn geological disasters ( through 90% and 95% tests) ，but the occurrence of annual and summer-autumn geological disasters is slightly behind the occurrence of summer precipitation． Therefore，it can be inferred that summer precipitation is the main inducing factor of annual，summer-autumn collapse and landslide geological disasters．

 In order to study the spatiotemporal variation of surface water quality of Suzi Ｒiver before and after COVID --19，and analyze the reasons for the changes，the authors established an inversion model of water quality parameters of Suzi Ｒiver based on Sentinel--2A images． Factors as DO，CODMn，TN and TDS of water quality parameters in Suzi Ｒiver from 2019 to April 2021 were studied by remote sensing monitoring． The results show that from 2019 to 2021，the concentrations of DO，CODMn and TDS in Suzi Ｒiver decreased by 5% ，18% and 3% ，respectively，with CODMn decreasing the most，and TN increasing first and then decreasing，finally increasing by 0. 06 mg /L ( 6% ) ． Compared with non-epidemic scenario，the overall water quality of Suzi Ｒiver is in the improvement stage，and the improvement effect in 2020 will be better than that in 2021，and the upstream ( a reach) and downstream ( d reach) are better than those in the middle reaches ( b and c reaches) ． The main reason for the improvement of water quality is the results of industrial and aquaculture wastewater emission reduction caused by the  attenuation of human activities，and the spatial difference is related to the uneven distribution of local water resources and population． The increase of TN concentration instead of decrease reflects that the extensive use of disinfectants in the early stage of the epidemic had a certain negative effect on the improvement of water quality．

Rational development and utilization of cultivated land reserve resources are essential for ensuring China’s food security, while suitability evaluation is the prerequisite and foundation.By scientifically assessing the development suitability of these resources, it provides a scientific basis for rational allocation and sustainable utilization of regional land resources.The authors take Da’an City of Jilin Province as the study area and develop a comprehensive suitability evaluation system from natural, social, and ecological perspectives.Using methods such as AHP (analytic hierarchy process), landscape pattern indices, and composite indices, the authors conduct a systematic analysis to reveal quantity, quality, and spatial distribution characteristics of development suitability levels of cultivated land reserve resources in Da’an, and propose corresponding development and utilization strategies.The research results indicate that: the development suitability of cultivated land reserve resources in Da’an City can be categorized into four levels: highly suitable, moderately suitable, marginally suitable, and unsuitable, accounting for 26.64%, 38.83%, 25.08%, and 9.44% of total area of cultivated land reserve resources, respectively.Development suitability levels gradually decrease from central part of Da’an City toward northeast and southwest.Highly suitable and moderately suitable development areas are mainly concentrated in Xinping’an Town and Haituo Township, while unsuitable development areas are mainly concentrated in Longzhao Town in southwestern part of the city.Land use types are primarily saline-alkali land and other grasslands, accounting for 99.67% of total area of cultivated land reserve resources in city.The highly suitable development areas for saline-alkali land are distributed in northwest and southeast, while the highly suitable development areas for other grasslands are concentrated in the central and western parts.Spatial distribution of development suitability levels for cultivated land reserve resources in Da’an City shows significant variation, with moderately suitable development areas being the most prevalent.Development and utilization strategies for cultivated land reserve resources should be tailored to local conditions.Saline-alkali land development should focus on water resource management and soil salinization amelioration measures, while development of other grasslands should carefully control development intensity to maintain regional ecological balance.

 On the basis of defining the geological background of the formation of Pearl Ｒiver Mouth Basin in South China Sea，and based on the interpretation and analysis results of geological and geophysical data，the rift structures of Zhu Ⅳ depression are divided into three types，namely，the ductile rheological type detachment rifts between the crust，the magmatic underplating type detachment rifts on the crust，and the preexisting splicing type detachment rifts on the crust． The differential control of pre-existing faults，heat flow under the basin and magmatism on the formation of different rift structures is further discussed． The research shows that the structural evolution of Liwan sag and Heshan sag are mainly controlled by the lithospheric rheology under the background of extensional thinning，the structural evolution of Jinghai sag is mainly affected by the underplating of magma dispersed in the crust，and the structural evolution of Jieyang sag and Xingning sag are mainly controlled by the pre-existing faults of Mesozoic thrusting． It is of significance to the basin tectonic dynamics mechanism and oil and gas exploration in the ultra-deep water area of Pearl Ｒiver Mouth Basin

 The clay rock in Dakuqin--Gangyao area of Jilin City was selected as the survey object，through geological mapping，shallow drilling，tank exploration and laboratory testing，it was determined that the clay rock is weathered sedimentary clay deposit． The main mineral is kaolin，which can be divided into refractory clay and spherical clay in industry，and two remote prospecting scenic spots were delineated． The metallogenic prospect area should be further identified，and divided the grade of the mineral industry to improve the mineral value of the clay rock in this area

 The results of LA--ICP--MS zircon U--Pb dating indicate that the granite in Yilan area formed at ( 112 ± 2) Ma，which is the product of Early Cretaceous magmatism． The Early Cretaceous granite samples in the study area are characterized by high w ( SiO2 ) ( 74. 66% ～ 75. 60% ) and high w ( Na2O + K2O) ( 8. 32% ～ 8. 41% ) ，which are high potassium calc-alkaline series rocks． In addition，these granite samples are enriched in large ion lithophile elements and light rare earth elements，and depleted in heavy rare earth elements and high field strength elements，with obvious negative Eu anomalies ( Eu /Eu* = 0. 40 ～ 0. 47) ． Based on the above geochemical characteristics，the authors suggest the Early Cretaceous granites in the study area are highly fractionated I-type granites，and they were derived from partial melting of newly generated crustal materials that were originated from the depleted mantle． Combined with the previous research results，the authors propose that the generation of the Early Cretaceous granite in Yilan area of Heilongjiang Province might be closely associated with the rollback of the  Paleo --Pacific plate．

 Enping 13--14 sub sag is the easternmost small sub sag in the Zhu Ⅲ depression，which is close to the Yangjiang --Yitong strike-slip fault． The tectonic transformation in the Wenchang period has an obvious controlling effect on sedimentary filling． Based on the analysis of drilling and seismic data，it is considered that fan delta， braided river delta，shallow lake，and semi-deep lake-deep lake subfacies are developed in the Wenchang Formation． The sedimentary process is dominated by axial provenance． The rotation of the extension direction of the region and the activity of the Yangjiang--Yitong strike-slip fault zone led to the migration of the fault system and the subsidence center in the Enping 13--14 sub sag along the strike of the basin-controlling fault to the northeast from the early Wenchang to late Wenchang sedimentary period． Overall，the migration was from Enping 13 sub sag to Enping 14 sub sag，and the sedimentary system changed from the east to the west． There may be magmatic activities during the Enping period in the central part of the two sub sags． It is found that the influence range of magmatic activities is small，which only affects the identification of seismic facies near the well．

To address the safety hazards associated with hidden goafs in mines，the authors utilize an array of detection techniques，including geological radar，high-density resistivity，transient electromagnetism，seismic methods，controllable source audio magnetotellurics，and audio magnetotellurics. Focusing on the Bayan Aobao area in the Sunite Right Banner of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region，this research specifically targets the optimization of goaf detection methods for fluorite deposits. By integrating the geological and physical characteristics of the deposit with the results of geophysical exploration，it was determined that a combined approach of geological radar and high-density resistivity methods is highly effective in detecting the distribution of hidden goafs. This combination successfully identified the spatial distribution of hidden goafs up to a depth of 90 m in the study area. The accuracy and feasibility of this detection methodology were further corroborated by drilling verification and 3D laser scanning.

 In order to improve the accuracy and reliability of urban underground space exploration，the research on cross-gradient joint inversion algorithm of cross-hole electromagnetic wave CT and cross-hole seismic wave CT has been carried out by studying the joint CT inversion method of cross-gradient structure constraint． Through inversing double anomaly body geological model with inconsistent structure，the authors prove that the strategy of cross-gradient joint inversion can effectively reduce the multi-solution of inversion results and improve the structural consistency of different models．

 In order to explore the differences in land use between the black soil areas in Northeast China and the Mississippi Ｒiver basin in the United States，the authors compared the land use structure and landscape pattern of the two areas based on the land use data obtained by Google Earth Engine in 2017． The natural factors affecting land use structure were also analyzed by geographic detector． The results show that: the land use structure of Chinese black soil area is similar to that of the United States，and the land use structural index of the two areas were － 11. 30 and － 56. 11，which showed the land use pattern of Chinese black soil land is relatively better． It was found that climate had a greater influence ( 99. 90% ) ，followed by geological conditions ( 93. 00% ) ，and the comprehensive influence of natural factors had a greater effect． The black soil areas in China should learn the methods from the United States conservation tillage to improve the land use potential and stabilize the ecological function while improving the grain production capacity．

To elucidate the sedimentary characteristics and reservoir development patterns of the near source sandy braided river delta in the Laizhou Bay Sag of the Bohai Bay Basin，an analysis was conducted using seismic，drilling，logging data，core observations，and grain size analysis. This study summarized the sedimentary characteristics of the upper part of the 3rd member of the Shahejie Formation (width=32,height=17,dpi=110) in the K Oilfield. The results indicate that in thewidth=32,height=17,dpi=110of the K Oilfield, three subfacies can be identified: the braided river delta plain, braided river delta front, and the braided river front delta. Six sedimentary microfacies are further distinguished: braided river channels, alluvial plains, underwater distributary channels, mouth bars, sheet sands, and underwater interdistributary channels. These microfacies exhibit distinct particle size distribution characteristics. A complete set of transgressive and regressive cycles is evident inwidth=32,height=17,dpi=110. Initially, sedimentation was dominated by underwater distributary channels with sand reservoir thicknesses ranging from 4 to 9 m. Mouth bars developed at the channel ends with reservoir thicknesses of 3 to 8 m. The distributary channels, having the widest planar distribution, constitute the key reservoirs in the area. Subsequently, as the lake level gradually rose, the extent of mouth bar development peaked. After reaching the maximum flooding surface, the lake level slowly declined, leading to the development of the braided river delta plain subfacies at the top ofwidth=32,height=17,dpi=110, where the sandstone thickness reduced to 2 to 5 m.

Heavy metal pollution in farmland soil seriously affects crop growth and human health. In order to explore a fast and accurate remote sensing monitoring method for heavy metal content in soil，the Suzi River basin in Liaoning Province was taken as the study area to convert the measured spectral data into multi-spectral data. The authors used the partial least squares regression method (PLSR)to establish a correlation model，and selected the optimal model to apply to the Sentinel-2 images of Suzi River basin in 2016 and 2020. The results show that the comprehensive measured spectrum and multi-spectrum can be used to monitor the content of heavy metals in soil. Each model’s R2 is greater than 0.50. During the two years，the contents of Cu，Ni，Pb and Zn in the farmland soil increased，and the contents of Cd，Cr and As decreased. The excessive heavy metal elements changed from Cd，Cr and Cu to Cu，Ni，Pb and Zn. Through analysis，the changes of heavy metal contents are closely related to mines，agricultural planting structures，and domestic waste.

This study is the first to analyze the geothermal resource occurrence conditions and the formation evolution mechanisms in the southern part of Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province, from both geothermal geophysical and geothermal water isotope geochemical perspectives. Based on geophysical exploration data and geothermal water isotope chemical analysis, and combined with regional geological data, a comprehensive study of the geothermal field in southern Taiyuan is conducted. The geophysical methods primarily include gravity, magnetic, and electrical surveys, which are used to analyze the structural characteristics and reservoir distribution of the geothermal field. The geochemical methods mainly include hydrochemical and isotopic analyses, aimed at revealing the origin, evolution, and water-rock interaction processes of thermal groundwater. The geophysical exploration results indicate that the Taiyuan Basin as a whole exhibits a low gravity field and negative magnetic anomalies, reflecting a deeply buried basement and strong tectonic activity, which provide favorable heat sources and reservoir spaces for the formation of geothermal fields. The southern geothermal field of Taiyuan is located at the southeastern margin of the basin, where the gravity field shows a distinct gradient zone, and the magnetic anomalies are characterized by negative values, suggesting the presence of concealed fault structures that serve as channels for deep thermal flow upwelling. Moreover, an apparent arcuate low-resistivity zone exists within the geothermal field, inferred to represent the geothermal reservoir, further demonstrating the favorable conditions for geothermal resource accumulation in this area. Geothermal water isotope geochemical analysis reveals that the thermal groundwater in the southern Taiyuan geothermal field originates from meteoric water, undergoing processes of infiltration, leaching, and transformation into sedimentary (semi-confined) water. During this process, water interacts with surrounding rocks through leaching, dissolution, and cation exchange. Stable components accumulate in the groundwater, while unstable components precipitate, thus forming the hydrogeochemical characteristics of modern geothermal water. The formation of the geothermal field in southern Taiyuan is mainly controlled by the favorable regional geological structure, the development of concealed faults, and the good storage capacity and permeability of the geothermal reservoir.

 The authors selected the Hejiakouzi section in Zhongning County and statistically analyzed outcrops of gravel in various Cenozoic layers． The results indicate that the compositions of the gravel in the Ganhegou Formation，Salawusu Formation，and upper Holocene alluvium are mainly low-grade metamorphic rocks and those in the Yumen Formation are mainly vein-type quartz． Moreover，granite，schist and gypsum clasts are also present in the Salawusu Formation and upper Holocene alluvium． The gravel are mainly subrounded to subangular． The subrounded gravel have axial ratios mainly in the range of 1 to 2，indicating a nearly round shape． The gravel are mostly coarse and exhibit moderate-to-poor sorting． The distribution curve of particle sizes is nearly symmetric and exhibits a broad-peak normal distribution． By analyzing the characteristics of gravel in different layers and assessing the evolution of the sedimentary environment，the authors conclude that this region has been at a constant elevation since the deposition of the Sikouzi Formation． The deposition rate was steady from the deposition of the Qingshuiying Formation until the deposition of the complete Zhangenpu Formation． Subsequently，uplift occurred in the Xiangshan  and Nanhuashan areas，while the study region continued to experience relatively steady deposition of near-shore lacustrine and fluvial facies until the deposition of the complete Ganhegou Formation． Then，a sedimentary discontinuity occurred until the deposition of the Yumen Formation． At that time，significant changes of the sedimentary environment took place in the region; specifically，uplift occurred in this area． The magnitude of this uplift was larger than that of the previous Miocene uplift． During deposition of the Salawusu Formation，persistent tectonism caused thrusting along the Tianjingshan fault and changed the flow directions of the region＇s hydrologic systems． Therefore，gypsum from the Qingshuiying Formation and granite and schist gravel from the Nanhuashan area appeared in the Salawusu Formation and upper Holocene alluvium，which indicates that the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau was a multistage process that impacted different regions in the central and southern Ningxia．

 The characteristics and main controlling factors of the low permeability sandstone reservoirs in the Zhujiang Formation of Yangjiang sag X oilfield have been studied by core observation，rock sample test，rock microscopic observation，scanning electron microscope and mercury injection testing． The results show that the low permeability reservoirs in the Zhujiang Formation of X oilfield are mainly feldspar lithic quartz sandstone，of which the lithic types consist mainly of acidic eruptive rocks and mica quartz schists，with medium to poor separation． The compaction is relatively weak and the cementation of carbonate and argillaceous is strong． A large number of argillaceous carbonate cements and clay mineral cements produced in the delta front sedimentary environment fill intergranular pores，block pore throats，and lead to low permeability of sandstone． The dissolution of feldspar is widespread，but the porosity and permeability increasing are not obvious． Pore type is mainly primary intergranular  pore，and pore throat connectivity is poor． The delta front sedimentation controls the rock composition，particle structure，argillaceous matrix，carbonate source and content of the reservoir． Carbonate and argillaceous cementation are the key factors leading to low permeability of the reservoirs． Low permeability argillaceous sandstone is vertically distributed among the thick mudstones of the prodelta facies． Low permeability calcareous sandstone is mainly distributed at the junction of large mudstone and sandstone． Underwater interdistributary bay mudstone provides carbonate material source for the delta front sedimentary sandstone．

 Taking the sandy conglomerate reservoirs in Es s 4 of Shahejie Formation in Yanjia--Yong＇an area of Dongying North Belt as the research object，the provenance tectonic settings and original rock properties of the Yan16 and Yan18 provenance systems were discriminated by means of elemental geochemical analysis． The differences in reservoir characteristics and quality under the control of the two provenance systems were compared and analyzed． The following understandings were obtained: ①The provenance area of Es s 4 in Yanjia--Yong＇an area has the tectonic settings of active continental margins and continental island arcs． The Yan18 provenance system is dominated by active continental margins，while the Yan16 provenance system is dominated by continental island arcs． ②The material composition of the parent rock mainly comes from the upper crust and has the characteristics  of mixed origin． ③Compared with the Yan18 provenance system，the reservoir composition controlled by the Yan16 provenance system has the characteristics of“high feldspar-low quartz-low debris”． The diagenetic strength has the characteristics of “weak compaction-strong dissolution-iso-cementation”． The physical properties of the reservoir have the characteristics of “good physical properties-thick oil-bearing layer-development of secondary dissolved pores”．

Traditional Kalman filter is usually difficult for adaptive changes in the complex navigation environment of integrated GNSS/INS，which leads to the accuracy decreasing of parameter estimation or even the filter divergence. In this paper，Sage-Husa adaptive filter and robust filter based on innovation vector are introduced to process navigation data with forward and backward fusion. The comparison with traditional Kalman filter indicate that the estimation accuracy of horizontal attitude，heading angle，three-dimensional velocity and position is improved by 37.38%，64.23%，23.51%，29.06% on average，and the optimal improvement is 58.77%，95.17%，36.61%，49.20%，respectively.The adaptive，robust and forward and backward Kalman filters improve the accuracy and stability of parameter estimation，and can be used for post-processing of integrated navigation data in complex urban navigation environment.

The Hepu Basin in Guangxi is a Mesozoic-Cenozoic fault basin，located in the intersection of the southern South China quasi-terranean platform (Beibu gulf depression)，the Qinzhou remnant trough and the Yunkai terrane，whose geothermal resources are rich. In order to study the tectonic evolution of the basin and the development value of the Qingshui hot spring in Shiwan Town，the authors applied the regularized density inversion method to obtain 5 profile density maps using the inversion of the measured Bouguer gravity anomalies and further divide the basement and major fracture zones. Using the Parker-Oldenburg interface inversion method，the basement，Moho and Curie depths within the basin were obtained using satellite gravity and magnetization data inversion. The Qingshui hot spring is located at the intersection of two major active fracture zones，with shallow Moho and Curie depths，high reservoir porosity and permeability，and good coverage trapping effect，has greater development value of geothermal resources.

 In order to determine the specific location and structural characteristics of the hidden fracture zone in the geophysical exploration line DK364 + 400 ～ DK365 + 050 section of the high-speed passenger railway line from Shenyang of Liaoning Province to Baihe of Jilin Province ( Shenyang--Baihe Ｒailway for short) ，the authors use high-density electrical exploration to detect the location and distribution of the fracture zone． Two high-density measuring lines with a length of 500 m are arranged in total，and the resistivity profiles of the two measuring lines are obtained through inversion． Supplemented by shear wave logging results，the geophysical and geological interpretation profiles in the working area are further obtained． Through analysis，it is inferred that the width of the fracture zone is 50 m，which is distributed at DK364 + 700 ～ DK365 + 750 of the geophysical prospecting line，with a strike of about NE 20° and a dip of SE． This exploration has found out the location and occurrence of the fracture zone，and provided specific fracture zone information for the subsequent railway construction． At the same time，it shows that high-density electrical exploration combined with shear wave logging has a good effect on the detection of fracture zone．

 Cementation index is one of the important parameters for predicting water saturation． In order to understand the influence of calcite content and wettability on cementation index，forty-two rock samples from four wells in Y oil layer of X area were selected for whole rock analysis and rock electrical experiment． The experimental results show that the wettability and content of calcite affect the cementation index m，which decreases with the increase of calcite content． Calcite is oil wet in study area，and the more oil wet components of rock，the smaller its cementation index． Since wettability has a great influence on resistivity，in order to obtain accurate cementation index m，electrical measurement should be carried out on the core with in-situ wettability． When calculating water saturation，the influence of wettability should be fully considered．

To address the challenge of long-duration data collection difficulty in urban geophysical exploration resulted from regulatory restrictions on exploration sites，the authors utilize ultra-short-duration passive source noise data. By employing the phase-weighted stacking of cross-correlation functions，dispersion curves are extracted. The fundamental mode dispersion curves are then inverted to obtain a one-dimensional S-wave velocity profile. Utilizing this profile as an initial model，a second-stage inversion is conducted，which reveals the presence of underground cavities. The results of this study demonstrate the feasibility of using ultra-short-duration passive source surface-wave imaging for cavity detection.

In recent years，with the continuous popularization of geothermal energy and enhanced geothermal systems (EGS)，there has been an increase in the occurrence of induced microseismic events. To explore the mechanism of seismic activity and identify the potential risks of induced microseismicity in practical engineering，the authors took the hydraulic fracturing site in Haikou City，Hainan Province，as the study area. By collecting relevant geological and geophysical (gravity and magnetic)exploration data，a two-dimensional geological model was established，which was used to simulate and analyze the temporal and spatial evolution of the pore pressure and pore elasticity effects on the fault surface. Subsequently，an assessment of the risk of induced seismicity and a prediction of the magnitude of the seismicity were conducted. The results show that fluid injection in the study area will lead to changes in the stress on the nearby faults，which may cause minor fault activation phenomena，but the magnitude of the resulting earthquakes is low，resulting in a lower engineering risk.

To systematically understand the sequence boundary identification and sedimentary environment evolution in the ultra⁃deep water area of the Baiyun Sag, Pearl River Mouth Basin, the authors conducted a compre⁃ hensive analysis using trace and major element data from the carbonate rock section of the Late Oligocene Zhuhai Formation to Early Miocene Zhujiang Formation of the drilled Well A1 in Baiyun Sag. The results show: ①Three third⁃order sequence boundaries of SB24. 80, SB23. 03 and SB21. 00 were identified through the variation charac⁃ teristics of parameters such as concentrations of Pb, Zn, Rb, Al 2O3 , Fe2O3 , and Th / U ratio. ②Based on the var⁃ iability of Sr/ Ba, V/ Ni, Sr/ Cu, Al 2O3 / MgO, and MgO/ CaO ratios, it is confirmed that the sample section deposi⁃ ted mainly in a sedimentary environment characterized by arid climate and relative sea⁃level rise. ③Ratios of V/ Cr, Ni / Co, V/ (V + Ni) suggest that the carbonate rocks in Well A1 are mainly developed in ancient marine wa⁃ ter bodies of oxidizing environments, with shallow water bodies. In the later stage, the water level tended to rise to⁃wards hypoxic conditions, and the development of carbonate rocks was terminated by “drowning”. 

Volcanic eruptions are often triggered by magmatic activities within the Earth’s crust. Monitoring the surface deformation in volcanic regions can effectively infer the state of underlying magma. To monitor the surface deformation of the volcanic areas，Sakurajima Volcano in Japan was selected for a detailed study. We applied the SBAS-InSAR technique to process 75 Sentinel-1A images from 2019 to 2021. The results show that Sakurajima Volcano is in a relatively active phase，predominantly characterized by subsidence during the monitoring period，with an average deformation rate of -10.05 mm/a. The most significant subsidence was observed at the central zone of the volcano，amounting to a cumulative deformation of -62.72 mm. This area also exhibited pronounced seasonal variations. The uplift occurred mainly in the peripheral area of the volcano，with the maximum uplift occurring on the southeast side of Sakurajima，with a cumulative uplift of 108.71 mm during the monitoring period.

To address the low level of exploration and development and the immature understanding of reservoir unit elements of the third member of Shahejie Formation (Es3)in Wanzhuang area of Langgu Sag，so as to promote the evaluation of hydrocarbon reservoirs and production establishment，a comprehensive method of combining logging interpretation conclusion data，oil test and production dynamics data was adopted for studying the reservoir units in detail. By organizing the distribution and structural characteristics of sandy bodies and analyzing the connectivity among individual reservoir unit，the boundaries of the reservoir units were redefined and the favorable developmental units of hydrocarbon reservoirs were clarified. The research results indicate that the study area can be vertically divided into 12 sets of unit systems. Among them，the reservoir units of the lower series of Es32 are mainly developed in blocks T12，Q56，T47，and Q87. Reservoir units mainly concentrate in block T12. There are more reservoir units in upper Es33，while there are less in lower Es33. Generally，the reservoir units of each block are still primarily controlled by structures，with faults playing a significant role in shielding. In addition，the cooperation of channel sand bodies and faults can also form many structural-lithologic traps，which are favorable locations for the formation of reservoirs.

The formation age and tectonic properties of Erlangping unit in North Qinling Orogenic Belt have long been the focus of controversy. The key to solve this problem is to precisely constrain the time and nature of the subduction-related magmatism. In this paper，the petrography，zircon U--Pb geochronology，whole-rock major and trace elements geochemistry，and Sr--Nd--Hf isotopes analysis of the gabbros from Erlangping unit in eastern segment of the North Qinling Orogenic Belt have been studied. Geochemical characteristics show that the gabbros from the Erlangping unit has low w(SiO2) (49.61%-50.58%)，and enriched Na and depleted K (Na2O/K2O=8.44-14.09)，with right-leaning chondrite normalized REE patterns，relatively enriched large ion lithophile elements (LILEs) and depleted high field strength elements (HFSEs)，with negative anomalies of Nb，Ta，Zr and Hf，and slightly enriched Sr--Nd isotope compositions，exhibiting the characteristics of island arc igneous rocks with CAB properties. Their primary magmas could be mainly derived from the partial melting of amphibole-bearing garnet phase mantle metasomatized by subduction fluids，formed in the island arc setting. By zircon SIMS U--Pb dating technology，the weighted average age of the gabbros from Erlangping unit is (464±2.9) Ma，which defines the diagenetic age belongs to Middle Ordovician. Based on the regional geological data and the previous research results，the authors propose that the gabbros from Erlangping unit is the product of the southward subduction of Kuanping Ocean underneath North Qinling Microcontinent，but the influence of the northward subduction of Shangdan Ocean underneath North Qinling Microcontinent could not be ruled out.