Zircon LA- ICP- MS U- Pb age and whole- rock geochemistry data are presented for the Dongxigao dio- rite porphyries in Pingyi，western Shandong，to restrict its petrogenesis． The zircons from the Dongxigao diorite porphyries exhibit striped absorption and oscillatory growth zoning in the cathodoluminescence images，which have upward- type characteristics of rare earth elements (ＲEEs) with positive anomaly of Ce and negative anomaly of Eu，and have high Th/U ratios (0． 06- 0.91)，indicating its magma origin． Zircon LA- ICP- MS U- Pb dating indicates that 207 Pb/ 206 Pb ages of 16 spots of zircons are between 2 476 Ma and 2 701 Ma，yielding a weighted mean age of 2 481 ±8 Ma，which represents the formation age of Dongxigao diorite porphyries，i.e. Late Neoarchaean． Geochemically，the samples have low contents of SiO 2 (54.94% and 54.86%) and high amounts of MgO (7.19% and 7.58%) and Mg # values (66． 47 and 67． 59)． Additionally，the Dongxigao dio- rite porphyries show enrichment of LＲEEs and prominent negative Eu anomaly (δEu = 0.89 and 0.91)，and they are characterized by enrichment of large ion lithophile elements (LILEs) (e.g. Cs，Ｒb and Ba)，deple- tion of high field strength elements (HFSEs) (e.g. Nb，Ta，Zr，Hf and Ti)，and positive anomaly of K and Pb． The results imply that the Dongxigao diorite porphyries dominantly derived from partial melting of enriched lithospheric mantle with attributes of arc magma，and the magma source area was mixed with amounts of conti- nental crust material，it suggests that they formed in transformation tectonic setting changing from compression to intraplate extension．

Usual ductile shear zone has relatively high strain magnitude． However，for high- grade metamorphic rocks in Daqingshan area，the related strain is very low with weakly developed lineation． Significantly，the fi- nite strain type with a K- value slightly lower than 1 and is characterized by compressional strain． Because the special tectonic environment with high temperature，the percentage of melt is relatively higher，which leads to a series of microscopic phenomenon such as multi- grain quartz bands，feldspar three edges equilibrium- like tex- ture，granular flow，etc． As a consequence，the tectonites in the studied area illustrate a unique character: ob- vious rheological meso- deformation structure but with very weak intracrystalline micro- deformation．

Based on the study of LA- ICP- MS zircon U- Pb geochronology and whole- rock geochemistry for the Luojiazhuang diorite porphyries in Menying，western Shandong，the analyzed zircons exhibit oscillatory growth zoning in the cathodoluminescence images and have high Th/U ratios (0.15-1.53)， indicating a magmatic ori- gin． In addition，most of the zircons have narrow metamorphic edges，suggesting that late metamorphic events may exist． The youngest group of magmatic zircon 207 Pb/ 206 Pb ages ranging from 2 384 Ma to 2 234 Ma，yiel- ding a weighted mean age of 2 353 ±14 Ma，which represents the forming age of the diorite porphyries，as the Early Paleoproterozoic． Geochemically，the samples are characterized by low SiO 2 (54.54% and 55.47%)， high MgO (5.22% and 5.49%) and Mg # values (58 and 59)． Moreover，they show enrichment of light rare earth elements and large ion lithophile elements (Ｒb，Ba and K)，depletion of heavy rare earth elements and high field strength elements (Nb，Ta，Zr and Hf)，positive anomaly of Pb，and negative anomaly of Ti． The fact implies that the Luojiazhuang diorite porphyries might derive from partial melting of enriched lithospheric mantle and mixed with an amount of continental crust material． In summary，they may form in the compression tectonic setting that stretching along the east- west direction at the North China Craton in the Early Paleoprotero- zoic．

The presence of horizontal fractures enhances seismic anisotropy of shales． Calculation based on the effective medium theory indicates that horizontal fractures have little effects on velocities along the direction pa- rallel to fractures， but can significantly reduce velocities along the direction normal to fractures． Seismic respon- ses of shales with horizontal fractures are calculated based on the reflector model and the anisotropic propagator matrix method，in which the reflections are a combination of the contrast in impedance due to the variations in fracture density，anisotropic propagation of waves within the shales，and the tuning and interferences associated with layer thickness． Calculated results indicate that seismic reflections are sensitive to reservoir layer thickness and fracture density． Anisotropic propagation alters amplitudes and phases of reflections． It corresponds to high- er reflection amplitudes for the case of surrounding sandstone with higher velocity because the increase in frac- ture density increases the contrast in impedance between the shale and sandstone． In contrast，the surrounding sandstone with lower velocity corresponds to lower reflection amplitudes for the increase in fracture density．

With the increasing complexity of prospecting objectives，reverse time migration (ＲTM) has attracted more and more attention due to its outstanding imaging quality． ＲTM is based on two- way wave equation， so it can avoid the limits of angle in traditional one- way wave equation migration，image reverse branch， prism waves and multi- reflected wave precisely and obtain accurate dynamic information． However，the huge demands for storage and computation as well as low frequency noises restrict its wide application． The normalized cross- correlation ima- ging conditions based on wave field decomposition are derived from traditional cross- correlation imaging condition， and it can eliminate the low- frequency noises effectively and improve the imaging resolution． The practical proce- dure includes separating source and receiver wave field into one- way components respectively，and conducting cross- correlation imaging condition to the post- separated wave field． In this way，the resolution and precision of the imaging result will be promoted greatly．

With more applications of seismic exploration in metal ore exploration，forward modelling of seismic wave has become more important in metal ore． Finite difference method and pseudo- spectral method are two im- portant methods of wave- field simulation． Ｒesults of previous studies show that both methods have distinct ad- vantages and disadvantages: Finite difference method has high precision but its dispersion is serious; pseudo- spectral method considers both computational efficiency and precision but has less precision than finite- diffe- rence． The authors consider the complex structural characteristics of the metal ore，furthermore add random media in order to simulate the complex effects produced by metal ore for wave field． First，the study introduced the theories of random media and two forward modelling methods． Second，it compared the simulation results of two methods on fault model． Then the authors established a complex metal ore model，added random media and compared computational efficiency and precision． As a result，it is found that finite difference method is better than pseudo- spectral method in precision and boundary treatment，but the computational efficiency of pseudo- spectral method is slightly higher than the finite difference method．

In the seismic profile interpretation process，as the seismic data are big and the small geological fea- tures are difficult to identify，improvement of the efficiency is needed． In this study，structure tensor method in computer image edge detection processing is applied into the 2D seismic profile． Coherent attribute is used to extract formation edge． At the same time，extracting the eigenvalues and eigenvectors to calculate the seismic geometric properties which include dip and apparent dip，automatic identification is achieved． Testing the Gaussian kernel function with synthetic models and comparing the coherent attribute and dip attribute extraction results before and after，the conclusion that Gaussian filter can remove the random noise is obtained．

It is important to know the shape and distribution of sandstone bodies in the subsurface when forma- tion and migration of a dune model are determined． The information plays a significant role in identification of the continental oil and gas accumulation． In this study，the combination of ground penetrating radar (GPＲ) and electrical resistivity tomography method (EＲT) is used in mapping the distribution of sandstone bodies in Yanchang Formation． Six GPＲ profiles and seven EＲT profiles are used to analysis． GPＲ data show clear re- flections from the top interface of sandstones． EＲT data show a continuous high resistivity anomaly correspon- ding to the sandstone body． Combined the reconstructed 3D images by GPＲ and EＲT， the spatial distribution of sandstone bodies is described．