The Kungurian-Capitanian ( Permian) Zhesi branchiopod fauna is mainly composed of cold-water typed taxa with high diversity and abundance． This fauna is similar with the coeval brachiopod faunas from Timan- Pechora，Svalbard，and Queen Elizabeth Islands of the Boreal Realm，with no real“warm-water”species． Zhesi brachiopod fauna is a cold-water fauna and should be assigned to the Boreal Realm． Considering the paleogeographic characteristics of this fauna and the basic rationale of paleobiogeographic provinces being controlled by latitude-temperate，and that the above areas were located at 50°N － 70°N in the global paleoclimate reconstruction map compiled by Boucot et al． ，the paleo-latitude of the southern margin of Jiamusi-Mongolia Block，where developed the Zhesi brachiopod fauna，is suggested ranging from 40°N to 60°N． Zhesi brachiopod fauna is an endemic fauna，containing more than 75% endemic species and self-grouped as a biogeographic province，termed Inner Mongolia Province． These characteristics indicate that this area was closed or semiclosed at that time． On the Jiamusi-Mongolia Block，the Herlen-Jiamusi Old-land as an obvious“continental barrier”hindered the northward migration of the Zhesi brachiopod fauna and the immigration of brachiopod species from other areas． The Tarim plate has collided with the Kazakhstan plate and the western part of South Tianshan-Beishan-Xar Moron Ocean has been closed． At the same time，the western margin of Jiamusi-Mongolia Block was joined with the Tarim plate． The Xar Moron Ocean in south of Jiamusi-Mongolia Block was wide enough and the ocean temperature rose gradually southward，so that it is not suitable for the cold-water brachiopods to survive and thrive on the northern margin of the North China plate． Thus，the ocean with large width and high temperature formed another natural barrier for the southward migration of the cold-water brachiopods．

The Dabie-Sulu orogenic belt in central-eastern China is considered as a high-pressure and ultrahighpressure metamorphic belt that demensions are comparatively large，and formed as a result of the collision of Sino- Korean and Yangtze cratons in eastern China． After continuous discoveries of high-pressure and ultra-high pressure metamorphic assemblages in the Dabie-Sulu area，the issue of the Dabie-Sulu orogenic belt extending eastward to the Korean Peninsula has been paid attentions widely． The discoveries of eclogites in the Hongsoeng area，the middle-western Korean Peninsula gives rise to the debate on the tectonic affiliations of the southern massifs． Although the Rimjingang belt in the Korean peninsula has been well investigated，the relation and comparative study to the Dabie-Sulu orogenic belt are lacking of detail work． In this paper，on the basis of informations and results of our previous works，some new contrastive considerations on the correlation between the Dabie-Sulu orogenic belt in central-eastern China and Rimjingang belt in the Korean Peninsula have are provided．

Clay minerals，especially authigene kaolinite，are abundant in the dawsonite-bearing sandstone from the Gudian and Qian'an regions in the southern Songliao Basin． The relationship between dawsonite and kaolinite has been investigated based on drilling data from 50 wells in the Jilin Oil Field and petrological characteristics analyses on 23 core samples from the Gudian and Qian'an regions． The study revealed a negative relationship between the content of dawsonite and kaolinite，suggesting that kaolinite was replaced by the dawsonite． Combined with thermodynamics and geochemical analysis published previously，it is concluded that kaolinite is unstable under CO2-rich environments and can transform into dawsonite．

It is still a laborious work to consult massive multidisciplinary geological maps which are scattered in different geological departments，and hard to give full play to the potential application value of geological map． Along with the network，the development of communication and computer technology，especially with the Web2． 0 technology arisen，provides opportunities to the web for sharing of geological maps． Web fast sharing platform of massive geological maps( WSPGM) is based on the Flex technology development，using B/S architecture， with map navigation，search，display，security and other functions of the software system． Through the map pretreatment and asynchronous communication the system can display any size of geological map，and through the range limits，rights management，sharing system and watermark logo to take effective security on geological map． On the basis of this system，with the Jilin University web sharing system of geological map，the system can greatly improve the efficiency of using geological map． for research．

The electrical heating experiments on oil shale sample from Huadian of Jilin were carried out by the pyrolysis method at three different heating rate 2 ℃ /min，5 ℃ /min and 10 ℃ /min in the temperature range of 30 ℃ － 750 ℃． Heating rate 2 ℃ /min is considered low，while intermediate one covers the range 5 ℃ /min and high heating rate is 10 ℃ /min． The controlling parameters studied were the final pyrolysis temperature and the influence of the heating rate as well as type． The heating rate has an important effect on the pyrolysis of oil shale and the amount of residual carbon obtained therefore． It is found that increasing the heating rate and pyrolysis temperature also increases the production of oil and the total weight loss． Higher heating rates resulted in higher rates of accumulation． The rate of oil and water collection passed through the maximum of different heating rates at different pyrolysis temperatures． Heating rate affected density，oil conversion and oil yield．

Shangyao valley is located in Jin'an village of Songpan in Sichuan． Many material sources are accumulated in valleys． The debris flow will be triggered by a rain storm with short-duration and strong intensity， which may threaten people's lives and property in downstream． Based on the investigation，the formation conditions of debris flow and its dynamic characteristics are analyzed and its hazard assessment is investigated． Research shows that there is the potential cause of debris flow in Shangyao valley，which is of the middle risk class．

The cement dry jet mixing method has been used to reinforce soft cohesive ground to increase the strength of soft cohesive ground and to decrease its deformation． The study briefly introduces the curing mechanism of cement-soil，presents the factors of influencing on compressive strength，mainly analyses the factors including cement mixing ratio，cement strength grade，curing age，moisture content and soil texture and puts forward some rational proposals at last．

Steam mining method was injecting hot steam into the borehole to heat the hydrate strata at the same time of depressurization mining，which could promote further decomposition and expand mining areas of gas hydrate． Steam heat calculation would provide the basis for the design of heating device and the choice of the field test parameters． There were piping heat loss in the process of mining． The heat transfer of steam flowing in the pipe was steady，so the heat loss could be obtained easily by formula calculation． The power of stratum heating should be determined by numerical simulation for the process of heating was dynamic and the equations were usually nonlinear． The selected mining conditions were 500-millimeter mining radius，10 centigrade mining temperature and 180 centigrade steam temperature． Heat loss and best heating power，obtained by formula calculation and numerical simulation，were 21． 35 W/m and 20 kW．

Combining with the indoor clogging tests of loose foundation in Tibet，the permeability clogging process of loose foundation was simulated based on particle flow method． Under the constant head of 2． 2 m， numerical micro-simulation was made in three cases，which was not adding any clogging materials，or adding the clogging materials with the diameter between 0． 075-0． 500 mm and 0． 5-1 mm． The dynamic changes of fluid velocity，permeability coefficient，porosity and loss amount were recorded in the numerical simulation． The results have shown that fluid velocity and permeability coefficient decreased rapidly，when adding the clogging materials with the diameter between 0． 5 mm and 1． 0 mm． With seepage stability，fluid velocity value was very low． By using computer simulation in the two cases，we got that both cases induced clogging effect． Clogging effect was due to one of the interval of particles rather than one size，which could be seen in the phenomenon of the second case． To some extent，numerical method is useful in the study of clogging problems，which gave the same result obtained in laboratory test and simulation test． These data provided basis and reference for further study of clogging problems，and also provided a new method to study the micro-scale permeability clogging mechanism．

Linear monitoring is an important link of bridge construction control，which is conducted in key processes of construction to ensure the security of bridge in construction procedure． Combining with main arch construction monitoring program of No． 2 bridge in north district of Changbai international tourism resort，main content and key technologies are recommended． Considering the various influential factors during the construction process，linear adjustment is handled to ensure that the stress and linear of main arch meet design requirements．

In order to investigate the permeability of porous media，it is necessary to figure out the property of wave propagation in this medium． The authors calculated the full waveforms and the 2-dimensional spectrum of fluid saturated porous media，analyzed the wave propagation characteristics of different permeable stratums． From the theoretical acoustic pressure waveform received at the well-axis and the 2-D spectrum it is revealed that longitudinal-，transverse-，Stoneley-，pseudo-Rayleigh-，longitudinal mode-and transverse mode waves are different in characters in various permeable strata． Stoneley wave is sensitive to the change of permeability，and its frequency range and amplitude attenuation are influenced by permeability．

Reflection data in CMP has influenced seriously in static calculations，especially in some highly weathered and structurally altered circumstances． Because of static correction in the existed problems and requests， the authors studied the angle － dependent tomographic static correction，and discussed its basic theory， including the establishment of forward model，the calculation theory of tomography and tomographic static correction． The usage of theoretical models and practical information on the method has been validated． The results show that using these methods to calculate static correction in a complex area，the quality of static correction is greatly improved．

Full waveform inversion is mainly used to obtain high resolution velocity models of subsurface． The size of full waveform inversion will lead to a gigantic computation cost． Under the available computer resource and the limitation of full waveform inversion，the authors propose L-BFGS algorithm as the optimization method to solve this problem． In order to demonstrate the flexibility of the method，three different numerical experiments have been done to analyze the properties of full waveform inversion based on L-BFGS．

The volcanics matrix parameters are variable in different areas and even in different intervals of a same well，due to its complicated mineral compositions and variable mineral contents． The determination of matrix parameters is significant because it has an effect on the porosity calculation accuracy． The authors proposed a simple but useful dual-component model to calculate porosity，and the results are compatible with the core porosity．

In order to explore the mineral resources buried in sea mud，it is necessary to use seabed resistivity measuring equipment，which works closer to the sediments than ordinary ship-based geophysical measuring equipment． Because of the harsh environment of seafloor，high pressure and highly conductive seawater，marine magnetotelluric method developed slowly． The sea floor environment is similar to the environment of logging， According to the design of dual lateral logging equipment，a new equipment for seafloor electrical resistivity measurement is designed． Four 3D FEM models that contain resistivity abnormal targets are built to test the ability of this equipment to locate different shape of shallow buried resistivity abnormal targets in sea mud． The authors propose the method to correct the response curve while the bottom surface of this equipment is suspended or not parallel to the seafloor． The resistivity of targets can be calculated accurately．

Marine controlled source electromagnetic signal could be used in mineral resource exploration，reservoir appraisal and communicative technique in ocean． It's necessary to study the electromagnetic generated by MCSEM． The propagation of the electromagnetic fields from a controlled source in the marine environment was studied with virtual interface method combined with discrete complex image method． Transmitter of finite length current source is approximated by dipole ( HED) ． A three-layered model is accepted，with sea water as intermediate conductive layer under air and a relatively high resistive seabed as basement，possibly containing a hydrogen layer of higher resistivity． The electromagnetic fields in whole space thus computed show that: ( 1) the spatial distribution of field component depends on its type; ( 2) inline Ex component is more sensitive to reservoir layer than that in broadside; ( 3) The airwave affects marine electromagnetic ( MEM) exploration when sea water is relatively shallow; in the case of deep water MEM exploration，the airwave influence could be neglected; and ( 4) an appropriate frequency should be selected in order to balance the signal strength and electromagnetic induction effect．

Base on the oil shale data model，the authors analyz the four main data types and their mutual relations， grasped the focus on the oil shale data management，established UML visual demand model for oil shale resources in the field of evaluation，constructed three-tier system and developed oil shale resource evaluation database management system． The system can be used for managing oil shale data storage，enhancing the efficiency and quality of the oil shale resource evaluation．

Based on the advantages of the wavelet to separate regional field and local anomalies in MATLAB environment， a high-precision regional-residual separation was finally realized． Analytical continuation and trend surface analysis are conventional methods for gravity anomaly separation． But the wavelet packet analysis in analyzing gravity data can make the gravity anomaly to be computed at a higher precision． In this paper，wavelet packet method is used to process gravity anomaly data obtained in Laos，and the separation result is good． Daubechies wavelet series has a higher precision in the wavelet packet．