Subgenus Phoenicopsis (Phoenicopsis) assigned to Czekanowskiales is recognized and a new species， Phoenicopsis (Ph． ) ordosensis sp． nov． is first reported from the Middle Jurassic Yan'an Formation of the Ordos Basin，alternate based upon the leaf gross morphology and epidermal structures． The new species has linear leavs in bundles of five to six attached on a short shoot，more than 100 mm long by 5- 6 mm wide，containing 10- 12 parallel veins at upper portion． The leaf is hypostomatic． Epidermal cells are longitudinally arranged with smooth periclinal wall on the upper cuticle． The narrow non- stomatal zones and wide stomatal zones alternate in the lower cuticle． Stomata in four to five irregular spaced rows are longitudinally oriented in each stomatal zone． Guard cells for each are surrounded by four to five subsidiary cells with undeveloped papillae． Anticlinal walls of ordinary epidermal cells are nearly straight and periclinal walls slightly papillate． The new species shallow stomatal pits kept open and surrounded by unevenly undeveloped bulges． These characters are consistent with those of growth in a humid，rather than an arid climate． The presence of subgenus Phoenicopsis and other taxa of Czekanowskiales in the coal- bearing Yan'an Formation supports the view that the climate in the Ordos Basin was humid and warm with seasonal changes during the Middle Jurassic．

The Shahbazan Formation was deposited in the foreland basin in southwestern Iran (Lorestan Ba- sin)． In this research，microbiostratigraphy and depositional environmental implications related to the Shahba- zan Formation at the northern flank of Chenaerh anticline are discussed． Carbonate sequences of the Shahbazan Formation consist mainly of large benthic foraminifera along with other skeletal and non- skeletal components． Two biozones have been recognized by distribution of large foraminifera in the studied area that indicate middle Eocene age (Lutetian)． Based on analysis of large benthic foraminiferal assemblages and microfacies features， 7 different microfacies have been recognized，which can be grouped into three depositional environments: in- ner，middle and outer ramps．

Shawang gold deposit is a large gold deposit，located in the NE margin of the Jiaolai basin，which is part of Muping- Jimo metallogenic belt in eastern Shandong． It was controlled by the footwall of Guocheng fault zone and secondary faults zone． Aiming to the fluid inclusions in Shawang gold deposit，the authors carry on petrographic，microthermometric and Ｒaman spectroscopic component analyses． The results show that there are four- type fluid inclusions: single phase inclusions，gas- liquid two- phase inclusions，pure CO₂ inclusions and three- phase inclusions containing CO₂ ． Ore- forming fluid is characterized by low salinity (4.3%-12.6% NaCl． eqv)，low density (0.64-0.97 g/cm³ )，medium- high temperature (280℃-320℃)，metallogenic pressure with 81-94 MPa，and metallogenic depth as 7.39- 7.98 km． The fluid experienced immiscibility of CO₂ - NaCl-H₂O system during the metallogenic process． In combination with the analysis of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in fluid inclusions，it is determined that the Shawang gold deposit is mesothermal vein- type，with participation of mantle- derived water and magmatic water for its genesis．

The Nadingcuo volcanic rock suite is the most voluminous Cenozoic volcanic suite in the southern Qiangtang area of the northern Tibetan Plateau． These high- K calc- alkaline volcanic rocks were formed between 36 and 34 Ma，characterized by high Mg # values，high concentrations of TiO 2 and P 2 O 5 ， 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratios of 0． 704682- - 0． 706 112，and εNd(t) values of －1． 2 to 1． 6． There is a lack of reasonable explanations for sour- cing and origin of magmas that formed the rocks with high Mg # values and TiO 2 and P 2 O 5 enrichments，which makes the previous research results still controversial． This study reviews the geochemical characteristics of Nadingcuo volcanic rocks and the data we have newly found in our fieldwork． We give some new interpretation to the magmatic evolution of the basaltic magmas in the discussed area dominated by fractional crystallization． The geochemistry of trachyandesite and trachyte units in the studied area is indicative of formation from mantle- derived magmas that mixed with crustal materials． The high values of Mg # and TiO 2 and P 2 O 5 enrichment in these units are evident to show the mixing between mantle- derived magmas with ～30- - 40 wt．% rhyolitic melt or assimilation of a similar amount of felsic rocks． The geochemistry of basaltic rocks in the area also suggests that the Nadingcuo basalts may have been derived from an ocean island basalt (OIB)- type source that contained and was mixed with ancient mantle wedge derived material，indicating that a 36- - 34 Ma asthenospheric upwelling e- vent in the Qiangtang area may relate to the northward subduction of Indian lithospheric mantle and the south- ward subduction of Asian lithospheric mantle． This upwelling of asthenospheric material was centered in the southern Qiangtang area between 36 and 34 Ma， while the northward movement of the Indian Craton caused this upwelling mantle flow to continuously migrate northward，resulting in the current centering of this upwelling in the Hoh Xil- Kunlun region．

Calcareous sand is a kind of special medium which is composed of calcium carbonate and other diffi- cult soluble carbonate substances． Because of its rich in inner pore space and easy crashed，the mechanical property is very different from conventional quartz sand． Based on the compaction test and direct shear test of calcareous sand， by means of data fitting，the coupling relationship between compaction density and mechanical property under different water contents was obtained; meanwhile，the shear strength expression was built on the basis of the relationship between water content and dry density．

Edge detection of potential field interpretation is an important task． The traditional edge detection methods have poor ability in outlining weak amplitude anomalies clearly． The resolved edges position is blurred． We purposed new edge detection methods based on directional eigenvalues of potential field gradient tensor for the causative sources． In order to balance strong and weak amplitude anomalies simultaneously，we present one normalization method using different orders of vertical derivatives to improve the new filters． The presented fil- ters were tested on synthetic and real potential field data to verify its feasibility． All of the results have shown that the new edge detection methods can not only display the sources edges precisely and clearly，but also bring out more geological subtle details．

The ground penetrating radar (GPＲ) detection data is a wide band signal， always disturbed by some noise，such as ambient random noise and multiple reflection waves． The noise affects the target identification of underground medium seriously． A method based on principal component analysis (PCA) was proposed to ex- tract the target signal and remove the uncorrelated noise． According to the correlation of signal，the authors get the eigenvalues and corresponding eigenvectors by decomposing the covariance matrix of GPＲ data and make linear transformation for the GPＲ data to get the principal components (PCs)． The lower- order PCs stand for the strong correlated target signals of the raw data，and the higher- order ones present the uncorrelated noise． Thus the authors can extract the target signal and filter uncorrelated noise effectively by the PCA． This method was demonstrated on real ultra- wideband through- wall radar data and simulated GPＲ data． Both of the results show that the PCA method can effectively extract the GPＲ target signal and remove the uncorrelated noise．