Global Geology 2025, 28(1) 35-47 DOI:     ISSN: 1673-9736 CN: 22-1371/P

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Keywords
shale oil
enrichment mechanism
in situ enrichment
migration enrichment
enrichment pattern
Authors
SU Siyuan
CHENG Cheng
JIANG Zhenxue
SHAN Xuanlong and YOUSIF M. Makeen1
PubMed
Article by Su S
Article by Cheng C
Article by Jiang Z
Article by Shan XAYMM

Enrichment model of continental shale oil in Zhanhua Sag of Jiyang Depression

SU Siyuan1,2, CHENG Cheng1, JIANG Zhenxue3, SHAN Xuanlong1 and YOUSIF M. Makeen1*

1. College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130061, China;

2. Yibin Research Institute of Jilin University, Yibin 644000, Sichuan, China;?
3. Unconventional Natural Gas Institute, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China?
?

Abstract

The quest for enrichment model of continental shale oil in the Zhanhua Sag of the Jiyang Depression in the Bohai Bay Basin to provide reference for exploration and development requires a comprehensive approach. Therefore, this study employs rock pyrolysis, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), and other experiments to analyze the conditions for shale oil enrichment and establish its patterns. The results show that favorable hydrocarbon generation potential and appropriate thermal maturation degree control “in situ enrichment”; while the storage capacity and the mobility of shale oil determine “migration enrichment.” In the process, the TOC governs the oil-generating capacity of shale with medium to large pores and microfractures serving as the main enrichment spaces and migration pathways for shale oil. Based on the deposition model, the study area can be divided into five lithofacies stages (I-algal limestone, II-laminated marl, III-laminated recrystallized limestone, IV-laminated mudstones, and IV-blocky calcareous mudstones). Integrating the geochemical parameters into the sedimentary patterns makes it clear that the study area underwent two phases of hydrocarbon expulsion during the thermal evolution of source rocks (Stage II: 3 060–3 120 m and Stage IV: 3 020–3 040 m). However, judging by the observed TOC (2% to 5.6%), thermal maturity (Ro>0.8%), S1 (>2 mg/g) and OSI (>100 mg/g) as well as moderate basin size, climate, and quantity of terrestrial input, the blocky calcareous mudstones (Stage IV) have better oil-prone characteristics and potential to generate a substantial quantity of hydrocarbons at this stage. More so, with a brittleness index exceeding 60%, it exhibits favorable fracturability accounting for the main controlling factors and enrichment patterns of shale oil in the area. Hence, this study further enriches and develops the theoretical understanding of shale oil enrichment in the area, provides valuable insights for future exploration of continental shale oil in eastern China and other similar basin around the world.

Keywords shale oil   enrichment mechanism   in situ enrichment   migration enrichment   enrichment pattern  
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