Hydrothermal evolution and source of metallogenic materials of Beiya Au polymetallic deposit, western Yunnan, China

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-9736.2020.02.02

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Global Geology ›› 2020, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (2) : 78-91. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-9736.2020.02.02

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Hydrothermal evolution and source of metallogenic materials of Beiya Au polymetallic deposit, western Yunnan, China

DENG Jiafang, SUN Fengyue, XIN Wei, XU Zhihe, PAN Zhongcui, WU Dongqian, TIAN Nan

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Abstract

The Beiya porphyry-skarn gold-polymetallic deposit is one of the largest gold deposits in China and it also contains significant amounts of silver and base metals. The ore-bearing monzonitic granite porphyry occurs as a stock, of which the skarn type gold-copper-iron ore bodies are controlled by the contact zone between alkali-rich monzonitic granite porphyry and the limestone, and the gold-silver polymetallic mineralization is controlled by interlayer structure. Alteration and mineralization occur around the intrusion and exterior of monzonitic granite porphyry. Ore mineral formation sequence is as follows: skarn minerals→magnetite→pyrite→chalcopyrite/bornite+pyrite+gold→pyrite+galena+gold (silver). Petrographic studies of fluid inclusions indicate that the following types of inclusions exist in the pre-mineralization quartz-pyrite stage: gas-liquid two-phase inclusions (L-type), three-phase inclusions with daughter minerals (D-type) and gas-rich inclusions (V-type). The colorless transparent quartz in the main gold-chalcopyrite-pyrite stage mainly consists of L-type and V-type inclusions, whereas the inclusions in the late gold-silver-galena stage are mainly L-type. The evolution of ore-forming fluids shows a trend from high temperature, high salinity to medium-low temperature and low salinity. Medium-low density fluids play a dominant role in mineral component migration and transportation. Fluid cooling and boiling are the main mechanisms of gold-copper precipitation, while the involvement of atmospheric water and pH reduction are the main mechanisms of gold-silver polymetallic precipitation. The fluids in the quartz-pyrite stage before mineralization and the main gold-chalcopyrite-pyrite stage are dominated by magmatic water, while in the gold-silver-galena stage the fluids are dominated by atmospheric water. Isotope tracers show that S and Pb are mainly derived from monzonitic granite porphyry, not from limestone of the Beiya Formation.

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Beiya / Au polymetallic deposit / hydrothermal evolution / porphyry-skarn deposit

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DENG Jiafang, SUN Fengyue, XIN Wei, XU Zhihe, PAN Zhongcui, WU Dongqian, TIAN Nan. Hydrothermal evolution and source of metallogenic materials of Beiya Au polymetallic deposit, western Yunnan, China[J]. Global Geology. 2020, 23(2): 78-91 https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1673-9736.2020.02.02

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