In terms of tectonic evolution and petroleum geological conditions of the Nepa- Botuoba Sub- basin and its adjacent sub- basins， the accumulation conditions of the heavy oil were analyzed． The studied area had plenty of oil and gas accumulation，but there were no developed source rocks． It is a typical outside source accumula- tion，whose origins from thick high- quality source rock deposited in the adjacent sub- basins． The shallow layer has favorable heavy oil reservoir conditions and poor sealing conditions，which benefits the thickening of hydro- carbon． The multi- periods of structural compression not only uplifted the studied area drastically，but also crea- ted a series of fault zones and large- scale slope belt． The structural compression also provided channel and suffi- cient power for migration of hydrocarbon to shallow layers． Based on these conditions，the favorable accumula- tion zone of heavy oil was predicted，which provided direction for heavy oil exploration in Nepa- Botuoba Sub- basin．

The authors studied geochronology and geochemical data of the Songjianghe biotite monzogranite in the southern Zhangguangcai Ｒange in order to determine its formation age， magma source，and tectonic environ- ment． The results indicate that the Songjianghe biotite monzogranite was formed in the Middle Jurassic with an age of 168． 2 ±2． 0 Ma (MSWD =0． 93)． The monzogranite was characterized by high alkali and low CaO and MgO，belonging to high- potassium calc- alkaline，metaluminous I- type granite． The rock is enriched in large ion lithophile elements such as Ｒb，Ba，and K and strongly depleted high field strength elements such as P，Ti， Nb，and Ta． It is concluded that the Songjianghe biotite monzogranite was derived from partial melting of am- phibolite facies metamorphism mafic lower- crust and its formation was controlled by the Pacific Plate subduc- tion．

Through analysis of geological characteristics of the gold deposit，the shape，occurrence，and spatial distribution of ore- controlling fault plane in the Shanhou mining area were investigated，and the regularities of enrichment and emplacement of ore body were summarized． The analysis shows that the Shanhou gold deposit was controlled by NE- NNE Zhaoping fault zone; the fault gouge developed in fault zone provides a barrier to ore-bearing hydrothermal solution，and the industrial ore body is all distributed within 40 m of footwall of main fault plane． The industrial ore body is mainly enriched in the NE positions of fault where the deep dips changed to flat dips，and shows the obvious regularity of NE lateral trending with angle around 75°． The stress analysis of fault in mineralization epoch showed that the ore- controlling structure presented the characteristics of right- handed rotation inverse- fault activity in mineralization epoch，and the host space tended to occur in NE regional tension positions where the dips become flat in the strike of fault，causing emplacement of ore body． It is thought by combining equal interval distribution of deposit with spatial variation of industrial ore body and ore- controlling fault structure that the Shanhou gold deposit recurred in regularity and the non- ore interval occurred in the ore body． Meanwhile， it is predicted that the favorable target area of prospecting lies in the areas of deep main fault plane with NE strike ( ＞30°) and the deep dips changing to flat dips in the Shanhou mining area， and the prospecting should be emphasized． The favorable deep mineralization prospect exists in middle Beibo mining area，where is the key area for future prospecting．

Zircon U- Pb dating，whole- rock geochemical analyses and Hf isotope are undertaken for the monzogranite in Niubiziliang area with the aim of constraining its formation time，petrogenesis and the regional tectonic setting． The zircons from monzogranite are euhedral- subhedral in shape，and display rhythm growth zoning，indicating a magmatic origin． LA- ICP- MS zircon U- Pb dating indicates the monzogranite formed most probably in the Late Devonian (359． 0 ±2． 6 Ma)． The monzogranite has SiO 2 = 74． 69%- - 76． 11%，Al 2 O 3 = 12． 07%- - 12． 81%，Na 2 O + K 2 O =8． 24%- - 8． 70%，Na 2 O/K 2 O =0． 60- - 0． 68，A/CNK ＞1，which shows that it belongs to high- Si and high- K weakly peraluminous calc- alkaline series． The monzogranite is enriched in K，Ｒb，Th (LILEs) and La，Ce，Sm，Nd(LＲEEs); and depleted in Ba，U(HＲEEs)and Ta，Nb(HFSEs)． Their zircon εHf(t) values range from 1． 21 to 3． 46，in response to their two- stage Hf model ages (T DM2 ) ran- ging from 1 034 Ma to 1 159 Ma，respectively，indicating that the primary magma was derived from the young crust in Meso- Neoproterozoic． Combined with the regional geological evolution background，it is considered that the Niubiziliang monzogranite formed the closure of North Qaidam ocean，which was the stretching stage product after the collision between Qaidam block and Qilian block．

The volcanic rocks from Baiyingaolao Formation in the northeastern Hailar Basin are mainly com- posed of rhyolite and trachydacite． U- Pb dating of zircon shows these volcanic rocks formed in Early Cretaceous (128- - 124 Ma)． Geochemical data indicate that they are sub- alkaline series in composition and rich in alkali and potassium． All samples have similar rare earth element patterns characterized by high total rare earth ele- ments contents (∑ＲEE = 113.96 × 10^-6－204.33 × 10^-6 )，significant fractionation of heavy and light rare earth elements (∑LＲEE/∑HＲEE = 3.10－4.52) with middle negative Eu anomalies (δEu = 0.46－0.76)． The trace elements are characterized by enrichment in large- ion lithophile elements such as K，Ｒb，LＲEE and depletion in high field strength elements e.g. Nb, Ta, HＲEE, P and Ti， while enriched in Th and U． Ｒhyolite and trachydacite contain low initial 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratios (0.704 9－0.7 053) and positive ε Nd (t) values (ca．4.15)． These data suggest that the magma of rhyolite and trachydacite were derived from mafic lower crust newly accreted from mantle，with the evolutional trend of comagmatic fractional crystallization．

Through seepage tests under different loading and unloading confining pressures and different hydrau- lic gradients，the authors studied the effects of stress states and stress history on fracture permeability evolution for single granite fracture and sandstone fracture． The results show that there exists a linear relationship between the seepage discharge and osmotic pressure in sandstone fissure under each level of confining pressure． With the increasing in the confining pressure，the permeability of the fracture decreases，but the decreasing rate is changeing． During the unloading process，the fracture seepage velocity cannot be fully recovered to the size of the loading process． Therefore，in the unloading process of the confining pressure，the recovery of fracture per- meability shows obvious hysteresis effects． The flow rate of the fracture remains unchanged during five cycles of loading and unloading processes of the confining pressure． In each cycle， the evolution character of the flow rate with the confining pressure remains unchanged． These experiments show that the seepage characteristics of sandstone and granite fractures are not the same under the same stress state．

The three- dimensional seepage simulation test device for siltation dam foundation soil is a multifunc- tional penetration instrument which is designed for the simulation of infiltration clogging，seepage damage，and dam seepage and so on． This device is different from the traditional instruments for the rock and soil permeabili- ty． In order to verify the practicability of the device，the authors collected the soil samples for laboratory pene- tration test，observed the seepage damage phenomenon，and obtained the dynamic change curve of permeability coefficient and isopotential map of water pressure． At the same time，the Geostudio finite element software is used to simulate the steady seepage of the test device． By contrast of the isopotential maps between simulation and actual water pressures， it is found that they are approximately the same． It is proved that the test data of the device is scientific and reliable，reaching the results of the test and design purposes． The instrument can be used in many aspects of experimental study on soil seepage．