The Qiangsheng gold deposit belongs to quartz vein type． The fluid inclusions consist of four types: aqueous single-phase inclusions，aqueous two-phase inclusions，carbonated two-phase inclusions and carbonated three-phase inclusions． The fluid inclusions are characterized by low salinity ( 5%-9%NaCl eqv) ，low density ( 0． 66--0． 72 g /cm3 ) and medium temperature ( 210℃--250℃) ． The pressure of ore-forming is 60--95 MPa and the metallogenic depth is about 5． 49--7． 56 km． During the mineralizing process，ore-forming fluid underwent fluid unmixing in CO2-H2O-NaCl system． The stable isotope results indicate that the ore-forming fluids mainly generated from mantle，with the participation of a small amount of atmospheric water． Comprehensive studies have suggested that Qiangsheng gold deposit belongs to the type of mesothermal hydrotherm with mantlederived fluid participating in mineralization．

Erdaohezi lead- zinc deposit belongs to the Derbugan metallogenic belt lying on the northwestern Hailaer- Genhe Mesozoic volcanic basin， located on the western slope of the Da Hinggan Mountains． The deposit is considered as one of the hypabyssal low- temprature hydrothermal lead- zinc deposits associated with volca- nism． In order to lay the foundation on studying its diagenesis and mineralization ages， the detailed studies were carried out by dating the host rocks (i.e. rhyolitic lithic- crystal tuffs) using zircon LA- ICP- MS U- Pb method． The dating results show three groups of ages． The first group is the captured zircons (the weighted mean 206 Pb/ 238 U age as 175.6 ± 2.3 Ma，MSWD = 0.70，n = 3)． The second group can be regarded as the rock- forming age (the weighted mean 206 Pb/ 238 U age as 165.3 ±1.9 Ma，MSWD =2.40，n =14)． The third group should represent the late stage of the magmatic evolution (the weighted mean 206 Pb/ 238 U age as 161． 0 ± 3.1 Ma，MSWD =0.86，n =4)． According to the ages and the crystal form or CL image characteristics of zircons， it is determined that the diagenesis occurred in the late Middle Jurassic． Based on the regional geology and geo- chronological research，the acidic pyroclastic rocks are space accompaniment and time connection with the Tamu- langou Formation intermediate- mafic volcanic rocks． Both of them constitute the host rocks of the deposit togeth- er． The rock combination also provides favorable conditions for large- scale silver，lead and zinc mineralization in this area．

The authors presented a new measuring method of the soil thermal conductivity，the probe method， which is designed and made based on the theory of line heat source． This method is used to measure thermal conductivity of coarse sand，fine sand and silty clay in different water contents． The results that measured by the probe method are well consistent with those of QTM- D 2 ． The soil thermal conductivity increases in different levels with the increase of the water content． Compared the soil thermal conductivity measured by the probe method in laboratory with in- situ experiment，it shows that the measuring gap gradually increases with the in- crease of the depth． The reason is that the in- situ measuring thermal conductivity can reflect the actual situation of the soil mass．

Spiking deconvolution is a standard Wiener Levinson algorithm． The autocorrelation of the design time gate is computed and there is a specified taper on the design gate before the autocorrelation is done． The standard equations are set up，prewhitening is added to the zero lag value of the autocorrelation and the matrix is inverted to derive the spiking operator． In this study，the authors describe a technique for performing spiking deconvolution on prestack time migration (PSTM) data，to test the effect of operator length and percent pre- whitening in spiking deconvolution and apply spiking deconvolution trace by trace，with operator lengths 15ms， 10 ms and 5 ms when percent prewhitening 0%，40ms and 60ms for percent prewhitening 1%． The results show when prewhitening is 0% the shorter operator gives better results， but when value of prewhitening is bigger than 0% it is better to use longer operator lengths．

In the multi- wave and multi- component seismic exploration，shear- wave will be split into fast wave and slow wave， when it propagates in anisotropic media． Then the authors can predict polarization direction and density of crack and detect the development status of cracks underground according to shear- wave splitting phe- nomenon． The technology plays an important role and shows great potential in crack reservoir detection． In this study，the improved particle swarm optimization algorithm based on shrinkage factor is combined with the Pear- son correlation coefficient method to obtain the fracture azimuth angle and density． The experimental results show that the modified method can improve the convergence rate，accuracy，anti- noise performance and compu- tational efficiency．

Full waveform inversion (FWI) is a challenging data- fitting procedure between model wave field va- lue and theoretical wave field value． The essence of FWI is an optimization problem，and therefore， it is impor- tant to study optimization method． The study is based on conventional Memoryless quasi- Newton (MLQN) method． Because the Conjugate Gradient method has ultra linear convergence，the authors propose a method by using Fletcher- Ｒeeves (FＲ) conjugate gradient information to improve the search direction of the conventional MLQN method． The improved MLQN method not only includes the gradient information and model information， but also contains conjugate gradient information． And it does not increase the amount of calculation during every iterative process． Numerical experiment shows that compared with conventional MLQN method，the improved MLQN method can guarantee the computational efficiency and improve the inversion precision．

The study on seismic anisotropy is one of the difficult problems in the field of geophysics nowadays． As a method of ray theory， the seismic anisotropy ray tracing is an important means to study the anisotropic seis- mic wave propagation． The traditional ray tracing system formulated in terms of elastic parameters in the anisot- ropy is more complicated than that in the isotropic case． Considering the difficulty，a kind of ray tracing system formulated in terms of phase velocity and group velocity is introduced． The new method is similar to the expres- sions for isotropic media，and avoids the trouble of determining the eigenvalue vector at each time． Besides the ray tracing numerical simulation of different models of vertical transversely isotropic (VTI) medium is carried out，in order to verify the accuracy and applicability of the method and further study the characteristics of wave field propagation in different VTI mediums． The study is certainly valuable in reference for later processing of the anisotropic seismic data．

Demigration refers to directly applying a specific imaging technique to a migrated section． It is ap- plied primarily to seismic data mapping． In a previous research study，a time- efficient implementation techno- logy of demigration was expounded． In the present study，the Fast Marching Method (FMM) used for travel- time computation in the isochrone- stack demigration， is developed． Furthermore， other key techniques (such as selection of aperture and antialiasing filtering factor) are analyzed in detail． Besides，the detail implementation method and program flow are given，which is shown their good computational efficiency and high- quality demi- gration effect． This implementation technique is illustrated with both the V(z) model and Marmousi model． It provides a basic method for implementing demigration in the application of seismic data mapping．

The regularization contributes to the resolution and stability in geophysical inversion． The authors ap- ply dual- parameter shaping regularization to full waveform inversion，aiming at two points: (1) improving the boundary resolution，and (2) increasing convergence． Firstly，the forward modeling is done，and the inversion is processed with the optimal solution． Compared with classical Tikhonov regularization scheme，the method re- flects better resolution and stronger convergence． Then， Marmousi model is experimented and inversed， and the deep structure has a sharper outline． The phase residual comparison illustrates weaker cycle- slipping． And a choice scheme of parameter is applied in FWI．