Ｒecent geological and paleontological exploration in the Indus basin of Pakistan allowed the discover- ies of numerous remains of non-marine reptiles (titanosaurian sauropod，abelisaurian and noasaurian theropod dinosaurs)，and marine reptiles (crocodiles)，flying reptiles (pterosaurs)，marine and non-marine mammals， fishes，invertebrates，and plants，especially Pakistan is relatively rich in footprints/trackways in the Mesozoic． These vertebrates of Indo-Pakistan are very significant for paleobiogeographic study due to the present-day con- nection of this continent with Asia in Northern Hemisphere，whereas during past (Jurassic and pre-Jurassic) it was connected to the Gondwana． The Mesozoic vertebrates show close affinities with Gondwanan landmasses． The Cenozoic vertebrates show Eurasian affinity and migrated from Indo-Pak subcontinent to Eurasia or vice ver- sa via Paleo Indus Ｒiver systems along Western Indus Suture，after long journey of about 6 000 km the first col- lision of Indo-Pak subcontinent with Asia occurred at terminal Cretaceous．