A single-layer monument Svobodny, ancient man＇s parking lot-1, discovered in 2021 as part of archaeological work to study the zone of economic development of the Amur region was investigated lithologically and palynologically. Based on the results of geomorphological analysis of the territory, the study of artifacts, palynological data, as well as analogy with previously identiffed and sufffciently studied relics in the region, the existence of the Osinoozersk late Neolithic culture in this territory is assumed. The time of its expansion in the Amur region is determined within the framework of the second half of the IV millennium BC to the ffrst half of the II millennium BC. The preliminary results of palynological analysis suggest the existence of a temperate climate here, was close to the modern one, which does not contradict the reconstructed paleoclimate and environments of the region during the Holocene period.