It is of great significance to study the influence of spatial pattern change of cultivated land on ecosystem service, including the sustainable utilization and ecological protection in black soil region in Northeast China. Taking Lishu County of Jilin Province as the study area, we quantitatively evaluated soil conservation, habitat quality, carbon storage and grain production service, and analyzed the change of cultivated land and ecosystem service pattern in Lishu County from 1990 to 2020 by using Pearson correlation analysis on the correlation between cultivated land change and ecosystem service. The results show that: (1) The cultivated land area of Lishu County was reduced by 19.67 km2 , the characteristics of cultivated land change are significant; (2) the overall change rate of carbon storage, habitat quality, soil conservation and grain production service in the study area was 10.82%, −0.09%, 4.07% and 1.80%, respectively. They all had significant spatial differentiation features; (3) the change of habitat quality, grain production service showed a significant positive correlation with the change of cultivated land area. The change in soil conservation and carbon storage were negatively related to cultivated land area. In order to promote the rational development and utilization of cultivated land in the research area, it is suggested to scientifically carry out the comprehensive utilization of cultivated land reserve resources such as saline-alkali land, strengthen the management and protection of newly added cultivated land at the same time. The results can provide scientific reference for formulating comprehensive land use planning under ecological security conditions.