High-density electrical method has been proved to be an effective method for probing shallow sedimentary layers. It is principally used to identify the boundary between the Quaternary soil layer and bedrock according to the vertical change of apparent resistivity. However, the artificial filling layer has the characteristics of heterogeneity and high porosity, which makes it challenging to detect the artificial filling layer by high-density electrical method. The key to solve this problem is to detect the difference of conductivity between the filling layer and the underlying bedrock. This paper takes the land in Chengjiangshan area of Huaibei City, Anhui Province as the detection target. On the basis of fully analyzing the physical properties of the artificial filling layer, two-dimensional high-density electrical survey and inversion are used to define the thickness of the artificial filling layer. The research shows that the highdensity resistivity method has obvious advantages in delineating the distribution of bedrock and the thickness of the filling layer, and the reliability of the high-density electrical method in the detection of the artificial filling layer, and delineates the scope of the filling layer is verified by the borehole data.