Through whole- rock geochemistry，geochronology，and zircon Lu- Hf isotope compositions in Sand- aoqiao and Sangduoer plutons from the Taerqi area of the central Great Xing’an Ｒange， NE China， their formation age，petrogenesis and magma sources are investigated． Sandaoqiao and Sangduoer plutons are composed mainly of syenogranites and monzogranites，respectively． The LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating shows that Sandaoqiao and Sangduoer plutons formed during the Early Cretaceous with ages of 143 Ma and 141 Ma，respectively． Geochemically，they belong to highly fractionated I- type granitoid，and have the similar magma source． All of the magmatic zircons from these granites have positive ε Hf (t) values (4. 9 ～ 9. 3 and 2. 1 ～ 8. 1，respectively) and young Hf two- stage model ages (598 ～882 Ma and 676 ～1 062 Ma，respectively)，suggesting that their primary magma was derived from partial melting of Neoproterozoic to Phanerozoic newly accreted juvenile crustal material． Combined with regional geological investigations，it is indicated that the formation of Sandaoqiao and Sangduoer plutons was closely related to lithospheric extension caused by closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean．

Zircon U- - Pb dating by LA- ICP- MS technique indicates that the monzonitic granitic from the north- ern Xigulan river in Xingsheng area of Heihe were formed in Middle Jurassic (163. 8 ±1) Ma． These granites be- long to peraluminous high- K calc- alkaline I- type granite series．The rocks were obviously rich in LILE (Ｒb，Ba and Th) and depleted in HFSE (Zr，Hf，Nb and Ta) with pronounced negative Sr anomalies．Their primary mag- mas were derived from partial melting of lower crust． Combined with the feature of igneous rock associations and tectonic evolution history of paleo- - Pacific Plate，the authors proposed that monzonitic granite anitic from the north- ern Xigulan river in Xingsheng area of Heihe were formed in the active continental margin tectonic setting related to the subduction of paleo- Pacific tectonic plate from the east to the west．

The authors studied the zircon U-Pb dating and geochemical characteristics of Lu- Hf isotope，ma- jor，trace and ＲEE elements of intrusive adamellite- granite near Xinlin Town，southeastern Erguna terrane block． The results show the adamellite- granite were formed in Early Cretaceous，ranged from 141. 1 Ma to 123. 8 Ma in age． The study suggests that adamellite- granite is rich in silicon，alkalis，poor in magnesium，which all belong to quasi- aluminous and high- kalium calc- alkaline series，and display moderate- weak negative europium anomalies (δEu =0. 53 ～0. 72)，showing significant fractionation of HＲEE and LＲEE ［(La/Yb) N =12. 42 ～25. 38］ ; The adamellite- granite is also characterized by enrichment in Ｒb，Th，U and LＲEE and depletion in Ti，Nb，Ta，P and HＲEE． The adamellite- granite in Xinlin is characterized by enrichment in Sr and K，depletion in Yb and Y， belonging to C- type adakite， origrinated from partial melting of thicken lower crusts． The research on Lu- - Hf isotope shows ε Hf (t) ranging from 2. 1 to 6. 2，T DM2 ranging from 1 025 Ma to 786 Ma，which is considered the adamellite- granite magma origrinated from juvenile crusts during the Neoproterozoic．

The authors studied the zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating and geochemical characteristics of alkali- feldspar granites in Xiaomoeke area，and discussed their petrogenesis and tectonic significance． Most zircons of the selected samples are subhedral in shape，display distinctly oscillatory zoning structures with high values of Th/ U (0. 38 ～ 0. 68)，implying a magmatic origin． The dating results show that the alkali- feldspar granites are formed in the Early Carboniferous ( (348. 9 ±2. 1) Ma)． The geochemical data indicate that the major elements of alkali- feldspar granites are characterized by high SiO₂ (75. 78% ～ 77. 01%) and K₂O (4. 58% ～ 4. 76%)， and low Al 2 O 3 (11. 80% ～12. 37%)，CaO (0.28% ～0.31%) and MgO (0. 05% ～0. 09%)． The trace ele- ments are characterized by depletion of Ba，Sr，P，Ti and enrichment of LILE such as Ｒb，Th，U，K． The ＲEE are characterized by the typical sea- gull lines with obvious negative Eu and enrichment of LＲEE． Geochemis- try shows that the alkali- feldspar granites are quite similar to the A- type granite． On the base of the classification diagrams proposed by Eby，the alkali- feldspar granites can be classified into A2，and were formed under a trans- forming tectonic setting from collision to extension． Combining with the regional research data，the authors consid- ered that it is probably related to the system of collision and merging of Xing’an terrane and Songnen terrane．

The diagenetic age of granodiorite porphyry in Yingmencha of Jilin Linjiang is (168 ±1) Ma (Mid- dle Jurassic) based on LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating，a product of Yanshan magmatic activity． The geochemical study shows that the rocks are characterized by aluminum- weakly peraluminous，high in potassium calc- alkaline se- ries，enriched in Sr， Ba and K， depleted in Nb， Ti, Ta and P， and not significant in δEu anomaly， which indicate the rocks belong to the I- type granite，and the magma was derived from the partial melting of crust． Combined with the regional tectonic evolution background of igneous rocks，it is considered that the Yingmencha granodiorite por- phyry and copper (molybdenum) deposit formed in the environment of volcanic arc under the subduction of the Pa- leo- Pacific plate to the Eurasian plate．

LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating and geochemical data of Xiaohu diorite porphyrite were studied． The results indicate that the diorite porphyrite pluton formed in Late Triassic (212. 8 ±1) Ma. Based on TiO ₂ －Zr/P₂O₅ ，P₂O₅－Zr，and K₂O － SiO₂ diagrams of rocks，the diorite porphyrite is characterized by high- K calc- al- kaline and peraluminous affinities，with an A/CNK ratio ranging from 1. 25 to 1. 57，enrichment in LILE (such as K，Ｒb，Ba)，relatively depleting in HFSE (such as Nb，Ta，P，Ti)． Combined with their high Mg # values (51. 74 ～52. 56)，Nb/Ta = 13. 52 ～ 16. 00，Ｒb/Sr = 0. 13 ～ 0. 18，Th/Nb = 0. 34 ～ 0. 37，Ba/La = 12. 39 ～ 15. 83，it can be concluded that the magmatic mixing evolution trend． Integrated the regional tectonic evolution，it is suggested the porphyrite formed in the post- orogenic extension setting，which was related to the closure of the Pa- leo- - Asian Ocean．

The authors studied the characteristics including petrology，tectonics，geochemistry and zircon U- Pb dating，and discussed deformation features，regional tectonic background and formation age for the Jiageda Formation in Tarqi areas． The results show that the Jiageda Formation is mainly composed of mica quartz schist，chlorite schist and quartzite． The metamorphic mineral assemblage is quartz + amphibole + biotite + plagioclase． The metamorphic grade is equivalent to greenschist facies． The LA-ICP- MS U-Pb dating for zircon and geochemical analyses of the samples indicates that it should be formed in late Late Ordovician． The protolith is a set of inter- mediate- felsic volcanic rocks． Jiageda Formation underwent two- phases deformations: the first phase of the stress field direction of NW－SE trending extrusion，forming ne structure in the direction of distribution line; the second phase of stress field direction of NS trending extrusion，forming EW structure in the direction of distribution line， which might occur after Early Carboniferous．

The study of the petrologic，chronological and geochemical characteristics of Dongliang pluton in Balinyouqi，Inner Mongolia shows that the lithology of Dongliang pluton is of quartz diorite，while the LA－ICP－MS zircon U－Pb dating shows the weighted average age as (251. 9 ± 4. 4) Ma，representing the Dongliang pluton formed in the Early Triassic． The geochemical characteristics indicate that the rocks are enriched in Si，Al，Na， and depleted in Mg，K． The A/CNK is 0. 98 ～1. 11，showing the pluton is of calc- alkalic metaluminous- weakly peraluminous rocks． The quartz diorite is rich in LＲEE，depleted in HＲEE and without Eu，Ce anomaly，which shows the characteristics of high Sr，low Y and Yb，belonging to adakite rocks． Combined with previous resear- ches，the authors believe that the magma of Dongliang pluton may be originated from the partial melting of juvenile crust caused by the collision and suturing of Siberian Plate and North China Plate．

The analysis of petrology，geochemistry and geological metallogenetic conditions of the kimberlite pipe No. 30 in Wafangdian shows that the kimberlitic magma comes from deep mantle． Some are suffered of crustal contamination and the carbon comes from deep source． The kimberlite belongs to the normal series of ultrabasic rocks is enriched in alkaline components． The kimberlite is low in SiO 2 and MgO and high in CaO and CO 2 ． The content of trace elements is similar to those of garnet lherzolite． Deposits formed in the Late Paleozoic． The intru- sion of kimberlitic magma is controlled by the deep translithospheric Tan- - Lu fault． The kimberlitic magma mineral- izes after intruding into the junction of the NEE- -trending faults and EW- -trending faults． The kimberlite pipe is formed by the alternation of eruption and intrusion．

This paper analyzes the data of gravity and magnetic anomaly field in scale of 1∶ 200 000， borehole and measuring density in Anshan - -Benxi area． Through the method of 2 - -D human- computer interactive inversion under the geological section data constraints，the authors complete the deeply geological structural inversion of 14 profiles． The inversion results confirm the constitution of Archean crystalline basement in Anshan- -Benxi area，in which the maximum buried depth is about 4 500 meters in Xialiaohe Basin，while the shallow area of the buried depth is located in the south of Benxi City． In speculation，Tianshifu town and south of Pingdingshan town may have concealed iron ore．

Ore- bearing gabbros and ore- free basalts from Panzhihua，Sichuan are compared in this article u- sing lithology and petrogeochemistry methods． The results show that the ore- bearing gabbros are proved to be pera- luminous calc- alkali rocks，rich in Ti． However，the ore- free basalts belong to metaluminous calc- alkali rocks， showing high Mg and low Ti． The differences in trace elements and rare earth elements are obviously． The former has low ΣＲEE，a positive anomaly in Eu and common fractionation between light and heavy ＲEEs，while the latter appears higher in ΣＲEE，with a weak positive anomaly in Eu and sharp fractionation． Compared to primitive man- tle，incompatible elements in basalts are higher，especially strong incompatible elements such as Ｒb，Ba，Th， Nb，La，Ce，Sr，accumulate 50 ～100 times relatively． Combined with previous study，it is found that the Pan- zhihua ore- bearing gabbros and Ertan ore- free basalts may be derived from a different extent of partial melting of en- riched mantle，and then are contaminated with crust materials during magma evolution． The authors propose that crystalization fractionation of magma，contamination with crust materials and retain of volatiles might be the vital controlling factors for gabbro intrusion to form the V- - Ti magnetite deposit．

The authors explored the age， petrogenesis and tectonic setting of intermediate- acidic dykes in Tae- rqi regions through the study in geological fieldwork， zircon U- - Pb age and geochemical features of them． The zircon U - - Pb age indicates that the intermediate dykes and acidic dykes were formed in Early Cretaceous including 141. 4 ～136. 0 Ma and 136. 5 ～ 126. 4 Ma，respectively． The geochemical data show that the intermediate dykes are characterized by medium silicon，alkali- rich，quasi- aluminous (A/CNK =0. 8 ～0. 92)，belonging to high- K calc- alkaline weakly quasi- aluminous series，and most of them are obvious in having Eu negative anomaly． The acidic dykes are characterized by high silicon，alkali- rich，weakly peraluminous (A/CNK = 1. 03 ～ 1. 24)，indicating high- K calc- alkaline series and most of them have no Eu negative anomaly． Based on a synthesis of petrography， geochronology，elemental and isotopic geochemistry，it is suggested that the intermediate dykes and acid dykes in Taerqi may be products of two stages of magmatic event under a extensional setting．

The Bujinhei Pb- - Zn deposit with a lenticular and vein ore bodies，is a representative medium tem- perature hydrothermal vein- type deposit，occurred in the metamorphic sandstone and slate of the lower member of Shoushangou Formation． The EW- oriented ore vein Ⅱ is well productive for industry． According to the analysis of orefield geology，ore characteristics，magnetic survey and OPIS simulation，the transitional tectonic fractures be- tween EW and NE direction are reported as the zone where ore is easily to deposit． In addition，the mineralized bodies are featured by high polarizability，high susceptibility，high thickness and high grade． Magnetic abnormal maps manifest that the nearly EW extended contours of the first order level of 90° and 135° derivative of magnetic anomaly correspond to nearly EW- oriented fracture，and great abnomal gradient zone corresponds to the transitional area of fracture direction． Sketch map of OPIS prediction manifests that orebody positions correspond to high value central part and around the centre zone or greater steep part of fracture surface distance． As a result，the four pe- ripheral targets Ⅰ，Ⅱ，Ⅲ and Ⅳ，and three deep targets Ⅱ-1，Ⅱ-2 and Ⅱ-3，have been delineated，and the target Ⅱ-2 has been verified．

The author systematically discussed petrology and geochemistry of the ophiolite in the studied area． It mainly contains metamorphic gabbro，basaltic lava with pillow structure and siliceous slate in bronzing pelagic sedimentary cover from bottom to top． All the lithologic units are in fault contact． The geochemistry of the lava ap- pears low K and high Al，and the highly incompatible elements (Ｒb，Ba，Th，K，Pb，Hf) are strong enriched， with significant losses of high field strength elements (Ta，P)． The geochemical characteristics of the ophiolite in Xilin－Gaxian－Jifeng，is characterized by E- MOＲB，whch is very similar to that of the part igneous rock． They are the products in the same period and tectonic background，reflecting the source region of the ophiolite derived from asthenospheric mantle and mixed with a small amount of enriched mantle． Through the construction of environment judgment，it is considered that the ophiolite is in typical transitional SSZ type． By comparison with the Early Paleo- zoic tectonic evolution in North Greater Khingan Ｒange，the Wilson cycle of the orogenic process was recovered． It is believed that Ergun and Xingan micro plates were pieced together along the Tayuan －Toudaoqiao，and closing time for the Cambrian series Jiang Shanjie lotus．

The Foping granulites are located in the South Qinling Orogenic Belt． The origin of these rocks plays an important role in understanding the tectonic interaction between the Qinling Orogen and the Yangtze Block during Mesozoic time． This work carried out systematic mineralogical and geochemical investigations on the Foping granulites by employing electron probe，infra- red spectrum，and whole- rock chemical analytical methods． The results indicate that the granulites are primarily felsic in composition and composed mainly of plagioclase，quartz， almandine，pyrope，hypersthene，and minor biotite and calcic amphibole． The granulites are characterized by en- richment in light rare earth elements and large ion lithophile elements， and depletion in high field- strength element， with significant negative anomalies of Nb and Ta． These features are indicative of subduction- related geochemical signature． In combination with geological and radiometric age data， this study suggests that the formation of the protoliths of the Foping granulites was associated with the northward subduction of the Mianlue oceanic lithosphere be- neath the South Qinling Block． In the Middle- -Late Triassic，the continent- continent collision between the South Qinling and the Yangtze blocks resulted in the granulite- facies metamorphism that led to the formation of the Foping granulites．

Heerwusu Pb-Zn deposit is located in the Shaolang river lead- zinc metallogenic belt of Wengniute banner，on the north side of Xar Moron Ｒiver in Inner Mongolia． The intrusive rocks exposed in the studied area are main monzogranite and diorite porphyrite． Orebodies are obviously controlled by fracture structures，belonging to the hydrothermal vein type lead- zinc deposit． Mineralization is divided into two stages: early replacement stage and late fracture filling stage． The study of fluid inclusion indicates that in the quartz veins mainly developed gas- liquid two phase inclusions． From early stage to late stage，the temperature，salinity and pressure of the metallo- genic fluid gradually reduced，with characteristics of low temperature (170℃ ～ 316℃) and low salinity (1. 2 ～ 3. 7%NaCleqv) and metallogenic pressure for 11. 83 ～24. 30 MPa． Stable isotopes (carbon，hydrogen，oxygen) evidenced that the ore- forming fluid is magmatic water and meteoric water mixing the fluid，which involved in the mineralization characteristics． Combined with the regional setting，ore- forming materials for deep magma in the pe- riod of tectonic activity activated again，and the lower crust with the ore bearing rock occurred partial melting of mineralizing fluids，and concentrated in favorable positions of the fracture structures in mineralization． The Heer- wusu lead- zinc deposit is a medium- low temperature hydrothermal vein type deposit．

In order to understand the tectonic evolution of Fujin uplift， the authors studied the unconformity of conglomeratic sandstone- quartz sandstone with its underlying granitic gneiss in Fujin uplift of northeastern Jiamusi Massif． Based on the LA－ICP－MS zircon dating， granitic gneiss weighted mean age is 495 ±5 Ma． The U－ Pb ages for zircons from quartz sandstone are all more than 480 Ma，of which are mainly concentrated in the age of 480 ～ 520 Ma，and just a small amount of ages are more than 800 Ma． The evidence of unconformity and geochronology indicates that the Fujin uplift is a part of Jiamusi Massif． Due to the Jiamusi Massif lacking of the Ordovician and Silurian sediments，it suggested that the forming time of the conglomeratic sandstones and quartz sandstone is Devo- nian． Combined with the regional research data，it is considered that after the formation of metamorphic crystalline basement，the Jiamusi Massif was undergone long- time uplift and erosion until Early Devonian，then the eastern part of the Massif was whole turning into passive continental margin．

Lithologic hydrocarbon reservoirs are the main reservoir type in Moliqing fault depression of Yitong Basin，in which Shuangyang Formation is the exploration and development target strata in Moliqing oil field． Through analyzing drill core，logging and oil testing data，the second member of the Shuangyang Formation can be divided into five sand groups in descent order，which are mainly from subaqueous fan and fan delta sedimentary sand body，and are mainly distributed in Kaoshan depression controlled by contemporaneous faults in the northwest margin． Meanwhile，thick dark mudstone is well developed in the Moliqing fault depression， with high organic mat- ter abundance，and has reached the standard of good hydrocarbon source rocks． All the sand groups are low in po- rosity and low in permeability reservoirs，characterized mainly by “sand wrapped by mud”in the cross section． Those sand groups are adjacent to hydrocarbon source rocks，which made it easy for the formation of small and rich oil and gas reservoirs with shape of lentoid． The results indicate that wells with oil production greater than 1 t/d of 80 percent are distributed in the fourth sand group，which is the major hydrocarbon reservoir in the second member of Shuangyang Formation and mainly distributed in the subaqueous sand body near the well areas of Yi ～22 and Yi ～19 in Kaoshan depression in the plane．

Cretaceous Huoshiling Formation of the Shuanglong area in Lishu faulted depression of Songliao Basin developed two types of eruptive volcanos，including the central vent eruption and fissure eruption． They dif- fer in terms of the development scale and hydrocarbon accumulation． The central vent eruption has the characteris- tics of violent activity，long duration，extensive distribution scale of volcanic rocks，large thickness and the lithol- ogy progressively shift from the mafic to the neutral． The fissure eruption has the characteristics of weak activity， short duration，less distribution scale of volcanic rocks，thin thickness and the lithology is mainly neutral． The central vent eruption volcano is adjacent to lake basin，forming the environment of volcanic- lacustrine deposit． With the alternate deposition of volcanic rocks，conglomerate and deep and semi- deep lake mudstone，the Hu- oshiling Formation of central vent eruption area has good association pattern of source rocks，reservoirs and caps rock，and forms self- generation and self- bearing combination of source- reservoir- cap． The fissure eruption volcano is far away from the lake basin and the distribution of volcanic rocks has no directly contact with the deep lacustrine facies mudstone，coupled with poor reservoir properties，the Huoshiling Formation of the fissure eruption volcano area has poor conditions of hydrocarbon accumulation． According to the comprehensive analysis of the data of drill- ing，oil testing and earthquake，it could be considered that the central vent eruption volcano in the western studied area is the favorable exploration area of Huoshiling Formation，in which the source rocks are deep and semi- deep lake mudstones，reservoir including pyroclastic rock，conglomerate and volcanic rocks，the reservoir space are mainly fracture and pore．

Oil shale layers found in Fuyu- -Changchunling area are popularly developed in the Upper Creta- ceous Qingshankou Formation of Songliao Basin． Most of them present brown and dark grey color with the develop- ment of horizontal bedding and massive bedding，which indicates their semi- deep to deep lake sedimentary environ- ment． Systemic test and analysis results show that oil shale layers here have the charactertics of moderate calorific value，high ash content and low sulfur content with medium oil yields． The TOC content is 4. 87% to 19. 90% with the average value of 7. 88%，which reflects the high organic matter content in the oil shale． The rock- eval analysis results show that the oil shale layers are mainly dominated by type I organic matter， and type II organic matter dom- inated secondly． The T max value of 437℃ to 449℃ indicates the immature to low- mature stage of the organic matter in oil shale． The distribution of thickness and oil yield of oil shale layers indicate that the 2nd and 3rd oil shale lay- ers of the target strata both have the maximum thickness and the best continuity． Besides，the oil shale layers in boreholes ZK0809 and ZK3201 both have the relatively higher total thickness，while in the borehole SY9，the oil shale layers have the highest oil yield．

On the basis of the comprehensive interpretation of four high- precision gravity，high- precision mag- netic and MT measured non- seismic geophysical profiles，combining with the regional geological data and field geo- logical research，the authors studied the features for the deep Hanling- - Pianling fault zone in eastern Liaoning． Ac- cording to the result of aeromagnetic anomalies upward continuation，it is considered that the fault zone is a sinistral strike- slip fault，and its biggest leap distance is about 53 km． According to Bouguer gravity anomalies upward con- tinuation，there is a shallower cutting depth with Hanling- - Pianling fault zone． It mostly developed in the sedimenta- ry cover． The processing and interpretation results of four integrated geophysical profiles show that the occurrences of Hanling - - Pianling fault are various in different locations，the deep tendency of the western fault is N，the appar- ent dip is about 65°; while the deep fault in the middle tends to NW， its apparent dip is about 60°; the north of the deep fault tends to NW and SE，and the change of apparent dip is large about 35° ～50° according to its swing fea- ture．

The thrust faults developed mainly in thrust nappe belt． Their hanging wall and footwall overlap se- riously and the angle of dip from the root to the top more changes，which has greatly affected the precision of reser- voir modeling． In order to solve these problems，the authors made reservoir prediction and evaluation on thrust nappe belt using the method of impedance inversion based on 3D seismic data in combination with drilling data． The key step of impedance inversion is the establishment of the initial impedance model． Firstly，the study im- proved initial impedance model accuracy of thrust nappe belt effectively using the modeling method that separates hanging wall and footwall，transforming fault to horizon and then making fusion to stratigraphic horizon． After that， the authors made impedance inversion in hanging wall and footwall separately， and finally， used the method of body fusion to complete the impedance inversion． It has been verified by the drilling that the accuracy of impedance in- version based on the method is higher and it lays a solid foundation for reservoir prediction and target evaluation of thrust nappe belt．

A new hydrid algorithm for training ＲBF network based on moving K- -means clustering algorithm was adopted to identify the types of igneous rocks in eastern depression of Liaohe oil field． By synthetically using natural gamma，neutron，acoustic，density and resistivity logging data，the basic ＲBF neural network of igneous li- thology identification has been established． Some wells with cores and cuttings are selected to test，the result shows that the method clearly identified the basalt and trachyte， 6 kinds of igneous rocks． The accuracy of recognition rate is more than 70%．

Spectral decomposition was described as a linear inversion problem． As this problem is underdeter- mined，it needs sparse inversion algorithm to solve the problem of Basic Pursuit De- noising (BPDN)． The authors use Spectral Projected Gradient－L1 (SPGL1) to increase the resolution of Inversion Spectral Decomposition (ISD)，and further study its potential advantages． The results show that ISD based on BPDN (ISD- -BPDN) has higher resolution in time- frequency representation，which can accurately distinguish the formation，and can detect precisely the presence of hydrocarbons．

With the combined application of CASMT data and tectonic analysis，the tectonic features of Yueshan - - Huangtushan anticline were ascertained． And the superface contour maps of the diorite rock masses and the Yueshan strata were drawn． Besides，the CSAMT profile of Wuzhujian exploration area was redefined by com- parative analysis of CSAMT profile characteristics of the Wuzhujian exploration area with its neighboring areas． In the end，advantageous exploration sites of the areas were made clear． The results show that ①there were no ore bodies within the low- resistance belts of the CSAMT profile of Yueshan area; and the V- shaped low- resistance belts of high- resistance zones and the sharp- drop belts were the favorable metallogenic places; ②the southwest areas of Wuzhujian were the favorable exploration blocks and two favorable prospecting holes were predicated in these areas． ③lying in the wings of the Yueshan - - Huangtushan anticline pitch ends，respectively，the Wuzhujian exploration area and Zhuchong mining areas resembled each other in tectonic position and metallogenic condition，and they are favorable tectonic positions for mineralization．

Based on the Huygens－Fresnel principle and the source array theory，a method of directional seis- mic illumination on the rugged surface is proposed． This method rotates coordinates in accordance with the topogra- phy of the rugged surface and the required direction of seismic illumination． According to the new coordinates，bi- directional seismic illumination can be achieved by calculating the excitation delay of the source array and the direc- tional seismic wave field． The numerical examples on a simple 2D velocity model and the rugged Marmousi model have verified the validity of this method． The results indicate that calculating the directional seismic illumination by rotating coordinates is practical and flexible in the exploration areas with a rugged surface． Besides，it can be ap- plied to analyze the influence of underground complicated geological body on the distribution of seismic energy．

The authors present a new method of random noise separation from poststack seismic data based on SVD． If the events of seismic profile are horizontal or closely horizontal，this method can separate the random noise from the seismic data validly and greatly improve the resolution of the seismic profile． In order to demonstrate the validity and high efficiency of de- noising method based on SVD，the authors set up model experiments firstly，then add random noise into the synthetic seismic data and field data． The noisy synthetic seismic data and field data with SVD method and wavelet threshold de- noising method have been processed respectively． The results show that com- pared with wavelet threshold de- noising method，SVD method can separate the random noise from the seismic data more validly and efficiently．

Taking a foundation pit in Tianjin as the research subject，the authors established a three dimen- sional coupling model between groundwater flow and land subsidence by the Processing Modflow numerical simula- tion software． The real time change of the underground water level and land subsidence around the pit was simula- ted when the foundation pit dewatered and drained in case of the construction of supporting and water proof curtain: the value of underground water reduction caused by drainage of foundation pit is about between 0. 90 cm and 82. 15 cm around foundation pit within 80 m area． Within the 80 m area，the land subsidence is between 0. 001 mm and 26. 21 mm． The results are in good agreement with the latter monitoring data，which can reflect the influence of the precipitation process to the surrounding environment．

Experiments were conducted in large scale sand tank to simulate the two- dimensional seepage process through large sand grain in dam foundation to analyze the variations of the seepage situation． Soil samples in different location were taken out to analyze their particles’composition after seepage failure． Based on the parame- ters obtained from the experiments，numerical analysis is conducted to simulate the seepage field using the software of GeoStudio 2007 whose results of the spatial distribution of the seepage field agreed well with those from experi- ments，indicating the reasonable of the experimental model． Ｒesults showed that seepage deformation mainly oc- curred in dam foundation where the seepage path was short while there were no clear deformation along the upstream and downstream of the dam foundation． The seepage path changed greatly after seepage failure leading to the great increase of the volume of seepage flow，thus accelerating the damage process．

The article takes slope as subject investigated and the precision in occurrence measurement of five methods such as compass，reflectorless Total Station Instrument (TSI)，laser range finder，3D laser scanner and digital photogrammetric workstation are evaluated by adopting theory of errors ． The root- mean- squrare (ＲMS) er- rors of trend and dip angle in compass occurrence measurement are ±4°and ±3°，respectively． The precision e- valuation not only increases the cognition on the precision of compass occurrence measurement but also provides checking calculation data for the precision evaluation of the other four non- contact occurrence measurement meth- ods． The compass can only be used to measure the occurrence of the underneath discontinuity on high steep slope． It is range- limited，energy- intensive and ineffective． The non- contact methods can measure the upper discontinuity on high steep slope which is difficult for people to reach． The methods using 3D laser scanner and digital close- range photogrammetry can obtain occurrence information of massive stochastic discontinuity on rock mass slope and provide important basic data for the evaluation of slope stability based on stochastic dynamics．

On the basis of the standpipe method that measures the hydraulic conductivity of a sediment col- umn，a device for air permeability test was designed and assembled， which used air as the fluid to determine the air permeability of a sediment column． The air permeability of a sample can then be converted to the hydraulic conduc- tivity． In this study， the authors use air permeability test and standpipe method to measure hydraulic conductivity of three eolian (from desert) sediment samples and seven floodplain sediment samples． Test results indicate that air permeability test is a feasible method to measure hydraulic conductivity of sediment． Compared with the standpipe method，the air permeability test can be conducted in a short time and requires no water． Thus estimating hydraulic conductivity of sediments by the air permeability test is a valuable choice for test sites lack of water．

The authors obtained gradient data to reduce the influence of background field in shallow geotem- perature measurement． The results of correlation imaging of theoretical model show that the imaging of geotempera- ture anomaly and actual measured anomaly are very close in location and depth． The method is nearly impervious from environment． The results show that correlation imaging can effectively process the data of shallow geotempera- ture measurement．

A method to calculate background values by using the clay minerals is proposed，which is taking the effects of sample features and particle sizes into consideration． The results show that there is certain difference among background values of heavy metals from samples in different depths． The ratio of measured and calculated value is defined as the enrichment factor，and As，Cr and Cu are found to be enriched weakly in the middle- lower of the section． Pb is enriched in the middle of the section． While the enrichment factors of Zn and Cd change great- ly in different depths with significant enrichment in the middle section and moderately enrichment in the surface and bottom． Compared with traditional method，the influence of granularity and sample characteristics are considered in this method． And the background values of heavy metals in different depths can be calculated，which makes the e- valuated results more precise．

Through investigating 50 surface soil samples of three agricultural and pastoral areas (Taonan City， Tongyu County and Qian’an County) in western Jilin，the authors explored form distribution and the relations between soil properties and soil iron form． The results show there exist 7 forms of iron，including residual phase (A) ＞ Fe- - Mn oxide phase (B) ＞ humic acid phase (C) ＞ carbonate phase (D) ＞ strong organic phase (E) ＞ water solubility phase (F) ＞ exchangeable phase (G)． A is the main form in soil of western Jilin，and the av- erage iron content of soil is lower than the background value in China． There is a significantly positive correlation between Caption Exchange Capacity (CEC) and A，soil pH and B，soil organic matter content and C，E． Soil mineral elements are significantly correlated with A． C，D and G are the next． The relations in different forms of soil iron show that B，C and D have significantly positive correlations with each other，while the other forms have little correlation．