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2024 Vol.43 Issue.1
Published 2024-02-25
1
Chronology
,
geochemical characteristics and protolith formation of low
?
grade metamorphic rocks from Baoligaomiao Formation in Aershan area
,
Da Hinggan Ling
(
Mts.
)
Chronology
,
geochemical characteristics and protolith formation of low
?
grade metamorphic rocks from Baoligaomiao Formation in Aershan area
,
Da Hinggan Ling
(
Mts.
)
[J]. GLOBAL GEOLOGY, 2024,43(1): 1-18>')" href="#">
WANG Zhisheng, GAO Tiandong, WANG Hongzhi, GUO Hengfei, MA Zhenyu, YU Bing
The Baoligaomiao Formation, located in the Arshan area of the Da Hinggan Ling (Mts. ), compri
?
ses a continental sedimentary
?
volcanic rock series, predominantly formed of sedimentary clastic rocks and andes
?
ites, which have undergone regional metamorphism and have been converted into the low greenschist facies. This study focuses on the zircon U
??
Pb dating and geochemical analysis of the low
?
grade metamorphic rocks of Baoligao
?
miaoFormation. By integrating lithologic petrographosed and metamorphic deformation characteristics, the research aims to reconstruct the protolith structure and explore the sedimentary setting. The results indicate that the LA
??
ICP
??
MS zircon U
??
Pb age of the metamorphic andesites in the Arshan area is approximately (312. 1
±
1. 2) Ma, belonging to the Late Carboniferous and Early Permian periods, and it is identified as part of Baoligaomiao Forma
?
tion. The protolith assemblage of Baoligaomiao Formation in the Arshan area is a typical terrigenous intermediate
?
acidic volcano
?
sedimentary lacustrine facies. The sedimentary tectonic environment is the intra
?
arc basin of the ac
?
tive continental margin, which is consistent with the tectonic environment of the Late Carboniferous
??
Early Permianin Erlian
??
Hegenshan ophiolite
?
accretionary complex.
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2024 Vol. 43 (1): 1-18 [
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19
Formation environment and origin of hydrocarbon?rich shales in Qingshankou Formation, northern Songliao Basin
FU Xiuli,LI Junhui,ZHENG Qiang,CUI Kunning,WANG Yuewen,JIA Qiong,MENG Qian
Comprehensive research involving quantitative restoration of paleo?geotherm, paleo?geomorphology, sedimentary environment, and geological events were conducted to study the formation environment and genesis of hydrocarbon?rich shales in the Qingshankou Formation of northern Songliao Basin. The results show that the Ro of the hydrocarbon?rich shales in the Qingshankou Formation of Songliao Basin mainly ranges from 0. 75% to 1. 60% , with a high content of free hydrocarbons, mainly from 4 to 12 mg / g, formed under a high?temperature thermal basin background with a paleo?geothermal gradient of 50 to 70 ℃ / km. Under the background of extensional geodynamics and thermal subsidence, shale layers controlled by densely fractured normal fault zones were formed. The paleo?ge?omorphology, characterized by two depressions and a protrusion, provided a conducive environment for the forma? tion and evolution of these shales. The warm and humid climate of the lacustrine environment, along with magmatic hydrothermal fluids, laid the material foundation for the proliferation of algae, which was crucial for the develop? ment of thick layers of hydrocarbon?rich shales. The semi?deep lacustrine with oxygen deficiency, deep lake reduc? tion, and strong reduction environment were conducive to the burial of organic matter. Comprehensive analysis indi? cates that the coupling effects of tectonics, lacustrine sedimentation, and paleo?geothermal conditions provided the tectonic background and thermodynamic conditions of hydrocarbon?rich shales. The warm and humid climate, anox? ic environment, and nutrients brought by volcanic hydrothermal fluids are important reasons for the formation of hy? drocarbon?rich shales.
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2024 Vol. 43 (1): 19-36 [
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37
Sedimentary characteristics of near source sandy braided river delta in the upper 3rd member of Shahejie Formation in Laizhou Bay Sag, Bohai Bay Basin
ZHAO Hanqing, LI Chao, GUO Cheng, CHEN Xiaoming, ZHANG Bo
To elucidate the sedimentary characteristics and reservoir development patterns of the near source sandy braided river delta in the Laizhou Bay Sag of the Bohai Bay Basin, an analysis was conducted using seismic, drilling, logging data, core observations, and grain size analysis. This study summarized the sedimentary character? istics of the upper part of the 3rd member of the Shahejie Formation (E2 S U 3 ) in the K Oilfield. The results indicate that in the E2 S U 3 of the K Oilfield, three subfacies can be identified: the braided river delta plain, braided river del? ta front, and the braided river front delta. Six sedimentary microfacies are further distinguished: braided river channels, alluvial plains, underwater distributary channels, mouth bars, sheet sands, and underwater interdistribu? tary channels. These microfacies exhibit distinct particle size distribution characteristics. A complete set of trans? gressive and regressive cycles is evident in E2 S U 3 . Initially, sedimentation was dominated by underwater distributary channels with sand reservoir thicknesses ranging from 4 to 9 m. Mouth bars developed at the channel ends with res?ervoir thicknesses of 3 to 8 m. The distributary channels, having the widest planar distribution, constitute the key reservoirs in the area. Subsequently, as the lake level gradually rose, the extent of mouth bar development peaked. After reaching the maximum flooding surface, the lake level slowly declined, leading to the development of the braided river delta plain subfacies at the top of E2 S U 3 , where the sandstone thickness reduced to 2 to 5 m.
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2024 Vol. 43 (1): 37-46 [
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47
Sequence sedimentary and paleoenvironmental characteristics in ultra?deep water area of Baiyun Sag, Pearl River Mouth Basin: taking Well A1 as an example
WEI Zhe,ZENG Yi,ZHOU Xiaokang,YI Hao,SHI Cui
To systematically understand the sequence boundary identification and sedimentary environment evolution in the ultra?deep water area of the Baiyun Sag, Pearl River Mouth Basin, the authors conducted a compre? hensive analysis using trace and major element data from the carbonate rock section of the Late Oligocene Zhuhai Formation to Early Miocene Zhujiang Formation of the drilled Well A1 in Baiyun Sag. The results show: ①Three third?order sequence boundaries of SB24. 80, SB23. 03 and SB21. 00 were identified through the variation charac? teristics of parameters such as concentrations of Pb, Zn, Rb, Al 2O3 , Fe2O3 , and Th / U ratio. ②Based on the var? iability of Sr/ Ba, V/ Ni, Sr/ Cu, Al 2O3 / MgO, and MgO/ CaO ratios, it is confirmed that the sample section deposi? ted mainly in a sedimentary environment characterized by arid climate and relative sea?level rise. ③Ratios of V/ Cr, Ni / Co, V/ (V + Ni) suggest that the carbonate rocks in Well A1 are mainly developed in ancient marine wa? ter bodies of oxidizing environments, with shallow water bodies. In the later stage, the water level tended to rise to?wards hypoxic conditions, and the development of carbonate rocks was terminated by “drowning”.
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2024 Vol. 43 (1): 47-55 [
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56
Geothermal production potential of low permeability clastic sandstone reservoir: a case study of Jilin Oilfield
JIA Xuefeng,LI Yingjiu,XU Xiaohong,XIAO Hangzhou,ZHANG Qin
Oil and gas sedimentary basins possess abundant geothermal resources. Due to the tight energy supply and demand in China, the development of geothermal resources in oilfields is increasingly emphasized. To meet the energy consumption of crude oil heating and transportation in A1 site of Jilin Oilfield, the low?porosity and low?permeability clastic sandstone of the third member of Qingshankou Formation in A1 block is taken as the target geothermal reservoir. By using the combination of field test and numerical simulation, the formation physical prop? erties and parameters are identified, the key engineering parameters such as extraction rate are optimized, and the sustainable development potential of geothermal resources is analyzed. The results indicate that two injection and two production wells should be designed to meet the heat requirements in A1 site of Jilin Oilfield. The extraction rate can reach 1 400 m 3 / d, and the extraction temperature is kept above 67 ℃ over a 10?year period.
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2024 Vol. 43 (1): 56-68 [
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69
Characterization of reservoir units in the third member of Shahejie Formation of Wanzhuang area, Langgu Sag, North China
SHI Yan,ZHANG Huiwen,XU Lingwen,WANG Haiying,DAI Minghui,LI Deyong,LI Jingzhe
To address the low level of exploration and development and the immature understanding of reser? voir unit elements of the third member of Shahejie Formation (Es3 ) in Wanzhuang area of Langgu Sag, so as to pro? mote the evaluation of hydrocarbon reservoirs and production establishment, a comprehensive method of combining logging interpretation conclusion data, oil test and production dynamics data was adopted for studying the reservoir units in detail. By organizing the distribution and structural characteristics of sandy bodies and analyzing the con? nectivity among individual reservoir unit, the boundaries of the reservoir units were redefined and the favorable de? velopmental units of hydrocarbon reservoirs were clarified. The research results indicate that the study area can be vertically divided into 12 sets of unit systems. Among them, the reservoir units of the lower series of Es3 2 are mainly developed in blocks T12, Q56, T47, and Q87. Reservoir units mainly concentrate in block T12. There are more reservoir units in upper Es3 3 , while there are less in lower Es3 3 . Generally, the reservoir units of each block are still primarily controlled by structures, with faults playing a significant role in shielding. In addition, the coopera?tion of channel sand bodies and faults can also form many structural?lithologic traps, which are favorable locations for the formation of reservoirs.
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2024 Vol. 43 (1): 69-81 [
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Variational mode decomposition method of separating diffracted and reflected waves in GPR
SHANG Yaoda,LIU Cai,XU Yangyang 1,LU Qi
Aiming at the challenge of effective signal loss in traditional methods of separated diffracted and re? flected waves, a method using two?dimensional variational mode decomposition (2D??VMD) to separate diffracted and reflected waves of ground penetrating radar (GPR) data is proposed. After decomposing two?dimensional GPR data using 2D ??VMD, intrinsic mode function (IMF) components and the F??K spectrum of each IMF can be ob? tained, which range from low?frequency and low?wave number to high?frequency and high?wave number. By analy? zing the differences between the diffracted wave and the reflected wave in the frequency?wavenumber domain, the IMF components corresponding to diffracted and reflected waves are reconstructed separately, and the separated dif? fracted and reflected wave data are obtained. The processing results of numerical simulation and measured data show that, compared with traditional methods, this method can effectively separate diffracted waves and reflected waves without losing any effective signals.
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2024 Vol. 43 (1): 82-92 [
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Application of ultra?short?duration passive source surface?wave imaging in identification of shallow surface cavities
LIU Shiyu,WANG Dian,LI Zheng
To address the challenge of long?duration data collection difficulty in urban geophysical exploration resulted from regulatory restrictions on exploration sites, the authors utilize ultra?short?duration passive source noise data. By employing the phase?weighted stacking of cross?correlation functions, dispersion curves are extracted. The fundamental mode dispersion curves are then inverted to obtain a one?dimensional S?wave velocity profile. Utilizing this profile as an initial model, a second?stage inversion is conducted, which reveals the presence of underground cavities. The results of this study demonstrate the feasibility of using ultra?short?duration passive source surface? wave imaging for cavity detection.
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2024 Vol. 43 (1): 93-101 [
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102
Deformation monitoring of Sakurajima Volcano based on SBAS??InSAR technique
WANG Linwei, ZHANG Xuqing, WANG Fengyan, CHEN Feng, DU Bing
Volcanic eruptions are often triggered by magmatic activities within the Earth＇s crust. Monitoring the surface deformation in volcanic regions can effectively infer the state of underlying magma. To monitor the sur? face deformation of the volcanic areas, Sakurajima Volcano in Japan was selected for a detailed study. We applied the SBAS ??InSAR technique to process 75 Sentinel ??1A images from 2019 to 2021. The results show that Sakuraji? ma Volcano is in a relatively active phase, predominantly characterized by subsidence during the monitoring period, with an average deformation rate of - 10. 05 mm / a. The most significant subsidence was observed at the central zone of the volcano, amounting to a cumulative deformation of - 62. 72 mm. This area also exhibited pronounced seasonal variations. The uplift occurred mainly in the peripheral area of the volcano, with the maximum uplift oc? curring on the southeast side of Sakurajima, with a cumulative uplift of 108. 71 mm during the monitoring period.
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2024 Vol. 43 (1): 102-108 [
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Optimization of detection methods and application for hidden goafs in Bayan Aoban fluorite mine, Inner Mongolia
GUO Qinglin,LUAN Jinpeng
To address the safety hazards associated with hidden goafs in mines, the authors utilize an array of detection techniques, including geological radar, high?density resistivity, transient electromagnetism, seismic meth? ods, controllable source audio magnetotellurics, and audio magnetotellurics. Focusing on the Bayan Aobao area in the Sunite Right Banner of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, this research specifically targets the optimiza? tion of goaf detection methods for fluorite deposits. By integrating the geological and physical characteristics of the deposit with the results of geophysical exploration, it was determined that a combined approach of geological radar and high?density resistivity methods is highly effective in detecting the distribution of hidden goafs. This combina? tion successfully identified the spatial distribution of hidden goafs up to a depth of 90 m in the study area. The ac? curacy and feasibility of this detection methodology were further corroborated by drilling verification and 3D laser scanning.
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2024 Vol. 43 (1): 109-117 [
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Numerical simulation study of shallow strata temperatures under the influence of karst conduit structures
QIU Junhao,ZHANG Yanjun,ZHANG Qing,ZHANG Tong,YU Ziwang
When a water?bearing karst structure exists, the temperature field of shallow strata will change. The shallow temperature measurement method can quickly and easily obtain shallow geothermal data, and the distri? bution of karst structures can be inferred through temperature differences. To study the feasibility of detecting karst conduit structures using shallow temperature measurement technology in a site in Panzhou City, Guizhou Province, and its surrounding areas, the numerical simulation methods were used. The results show that different burial depths of the structure significantly change the temperatures of shallow strata. For a single karst conduit structure (with an equivalent diameter of 0. 5 m and water temperature of 12 ℃ ), the maximum detectable depth is approxi? mately 66 m. When the fluid temperature inside the conduit is 12 ℃ , an increase in the effective flow cross?sec? tional area of the karst conduit structure will lower the temperature of the shallow strata. When the equivalent diam? eter changes within the range of 0. 1 to 1. 0 m, the change in the temperature of the strata at 2. 0 m is within0. 02 ℃ , making it difficult to identify changes in the effective flow cross?sectional area of karst structures using shallow temperature measurement. The change in fluid temperatures within a certain range (12 to 18 ℃ ) will alter the temperatures of the shallow strata, especially the impact of low?temperature fluids.
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2024 Vol. 43 (1): 118-127 [
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Microseismic analysis and magnitude prediction based on EGS site in Haikou, Hainan
QIAN Yongsheng,ZHANG Yanjun,SUN Shaoyou
In recent years, with the continuous popularization of geothermal energy and enhanced geothermal systems (EGS), there has been an increase in the occurrence of induced microseismic events. To explore the mechanism of seismic activity and identify the potential risks of induced microseismicity in practical engineering, the authors took the hydraulic fracturing site in Haikou City, Hainan Province, as the study area. By collecting rel? evant geological and geophysical (gravity and magnetic) exploration data, a two?dimensional geological model was established, which was used to simulate and analyze the temporal and spatial evolution of the pore pressure and pore elasticity effects on the fault surface. Subsequently, an assessment of the risk of induced seismicity and a pre? diction of the magnitude of the seismicity were conducted. The results show that fluid injection in the study area will lead to changes in the stress on the nearby faults, which may cause minor fault activation phenomena, but the mag? nitude of the resulting earthquakes is low, resulting in a lower engineering risk.
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2024 Vol. 43 (1): 128-135 [
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Experimental study on improving water sealing performance of water storage dam engineering with a new single component sprayed polyurethane
SUN Yiting,MENG Xin,LI Yonglin,LIU Chuanjun,LIU Jianxin,LIU Jiali,WANG Shuwu
This study focuses on the experimental study of the application of a new single component sprayed polyurethane waterproof coating to improve the water sealing performance in water storage dam engineering, using the concrete panel of a pumped storage power station dam as a case study. The performance of the coating itself, the impermeability, the adhesion, and the weather resistance are analyzed. The results show that the new single component sprayed polyurethane waterproof coating exhibits excellent tensile performance, good durability, and su? perior bonding capabilities, which can effectively improve the water sealing performance of water storage dam engi? neering.
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2024 Vol. 43 (1): 136-142 [
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Hydrochemical characteristics and formation mechanism of potable groundwater sources in Zhongshan City and its surroundings
HU Qizhi,ZENG Jingwen,QIU Jinrong,LIN Xiaojun,KANG Di,WANG Xiujuan,LIU Rentao,LIU Na
To investigate the current water quality of potable groundwater sources, this paper utilizes methods such as mathematical statistics, Piper diagrams, Gibbs diagrams, and environmental background value statistics to study the hydrochemical characteristics and formation mechanism of groundwater drinking sources in Zhongshan City and its surroundings. The results show that the groundwater in the study area is weakly acidic and low in minerali?zation, with Na + and HCO - 3 being the main ions. The hydrochemical type is predominantly HCO3 ??Na·Ca. The chemical composition of the water is influenced by the combined effects of atmospheric precipitation and rock weath? ering, with a strong cation exchange reaction. The main reasons for the decrease in groundwater pH value are the long?term abundance of acid rain, the poor buffering capacity of the soil and aquifer in the vadose zone against acid deposition, and the hydrolysis of alkaline earth metals, CO2 and carbonates.
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2024 Vol. 43 (1): 142-152 [
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