1. Mining College, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin 123000, Liaoning, China;
2. CCTEG Shenyang Engineering Company, Shenyang 110015, China

By changing the concentrations of Na⁺, H⁺ and NH₄⁺, this indoor soil column leaching experiment simulated the effects of different concentrations of domestic sewage, acid rain, and agricultural fertilization on the total hardness of shallow groundwater in real life. The experimental results showed that the higher the concentration of leaching solution, the higher the total hardness peak of the corresponding leaching solution. When Na⁺, H⁺ and NH₄⁺ of the same concentration were used for soil column leaching experiments, the peak of the total hardness of the leaching solution corresponding to NH₄⁺ was the largest, and H⁺ was the second, Na⁺ was the smallest and the entire experiment corresponding to NH₄⁺ was the shortest. The effects of NH₄⁺ on the hardness of shallow groundwater are more obvious under the action of a single ion at the same concentration.