世界地质    2018 37 (1): 105-123   ISSN: 1004-5589  CN: 22-1111/P  

纳米比亚湖山铀矿地质特征、控矿因素及其成因探讨
张怀峰1,2, 陆建军2
1. 中国广核集团铀业发展有限公司, 北京 100029;
2. 南京大学 地球科学与工程学院内生金属矿床成矿机制研究国家重点实验室, 南京 210093
收稿日期 2017-11-21  修回日期 2018-01-20  网络版发布日期 null
参考文献  [1] Berning J, Cooke R, Heimstra S A, et al. The Rössing uranium deposit, south West Africa[J]. Economic Geology, 1976, 71:351-368.
[2] Nex P, Herd D, Kinnaird J. Fluid extraction from quartz in sheeted leucogranite as a monitor to styles of uranium mineralization:an example from the Rössing area, Namibia[J]. Geochemistry:Exploration, Environment, Analysis, 2002, 2:83-96.
[3] Basson I J, Greenway G. The Rössing uranium deposit:a product of late-kinematic localization of uraniferous granites in the central zone of the Damara orogen, Namibia[J]. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 2004, 38:413-435.
[4] 高阳, 范洪海, 陈东欢, 等.白岗岩型铀矿床:构造和岩浆作用耦合的产物[J].地质与勘探, 2012, 48(5):1058-1066. GAO Yang, FAN Hong-hai, CHEN Dong-huan, et al. The alaskite-type uranium deposit:a product of coupling of tectonism with magmatism[J]. Geology and Exploration, 2012, 48(5):1058-1066.
[5] 王生云, 范洪海, 顾大钊, 等.纳米比亚欢乐谷地区白岗岩微量元素地球化学特征[J].铀矿地质, 2013, 29(5):274-282. WANG Sheng-yun, FAN Hong-hai, GU Da-zhao, et al. Geochemical characteristics of trace elements of alaskites in Gaudeanmus area, Namibia[J]. Uranium Geology, 2013, 29(5):274-282.
[6] 陈金勇, 范洪海, 陈东欢, 等.纳米比亚欢乐谷地区白岗岩型铀矿矿物特征研究[J].地质论评, 2013, 59(5):962-970. CHEN Jin-yong, FAN Hong-hai, CHEN Dong-huan, et al. Research on the characteristics of uranium minerals of alaskite-type uranium deposit in the Gaudeanmus area, Namibia[J]. Geological Review, 2013, 59(5):962-970.
[7] 陈金勇, 范洪海, 陈东欢, 等. 纳米比亚欢乐谷地区白岗岩型铀矿矿石结构构造及其成因意义[J]. 矿物岩石地球化学通报, 2014, 33(1):91-97. CHEN Jin-yong, FAN Hong-hai, CHEN Dong-huan, et al. Texture and structure of ore and genesis of the alaskite-type uranium deposit in the Gaudeanmus area, Namibia[J]. Bulletin of Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry, 2014, 33(1):91-97.
[8] Unrug R. The supercontinent cycle and Gondwanaland assembly-component cratons and the timing of suturing events[J]. Journal of Geodynamics, 1992, 16:215-240.
[9] Gray D R, Foster D A, Meert J G, et al. A Damara orogen perspective on the assembly of southwestern Gondwana[C]//Pankhurst R J, Trouw R A J, Brito Neves B B, et al. West Gondwana:pre-Cenozoic correlations across the south atlantic region. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2008, 294:257-278.
[10] Stanistreet I G, Kukla P A, Henry G. Sedimentary basinal response to a Late Precambrian Wilson cycle:the Damara orogen and Nama foreland, Namibia[J]. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 1991, 13:141-156.
[11] Alkmim F F, Marshak S, Pedrosa-Soares A C, et al. Kinematic evolution of the Araçuaí-West Congo orogen in Brazil and Africa:nutcracker tectonics during the Neoproterozoic assembly of Gondwana[J]. Precambrian Research, 2006, 149:43-64.
[12] Gray D R, Foster D A, Goscombe B, et al. 40Ar/39Ar thermochronology of the Pan-African Damara orogen, Namibia, with implications for tectonothermal and geodynamic evolution[J]. Precambrian Research, 2006, 150(1/2):49-72.
[13] Foster D A, Goscombe, B D, Newstead B, et al. U-Pb age and Lu-Hf isotopic data of detrital zircons from the Neoproterozoic Damara sequence:implications for Congo and Kalahari before Gondwana[J]. Gondwana Research, 2015, 28(1):179-190.
[14] Goscombe B D, Hand M, Gray D, et al. The metamorphic architecture of a transpressional orogen:the Kaoko belt, Namibia[J]. Journal of Petrology, 2003, 44:676-711.
[15] Prave A R. Tale of three cratons:tectonostratigraphic anatomy of the Damara orogen in northwestern Namibia and the assembly of Gondwana[J]. Geology, 1996, 24:1115-1118.
[16] Hartnady C J, Joubert P, Stowe C. Proterozoic crustal evolution of southwestern Africa[J]. Episodes, 1985, 8:236-244.
[17] Barnes S J, Sawyer E W. An alternative model for the Damara mobile belt:ocean crust subduction and continental convergence[J]. Precambrian Research, 1980, 13:297-336.
[18] Miller R McG. The geology of Namibia. volume 2:Neoproterozoic to Lower Palaeozoic[C]. Geological Survey of Namibia, Windhoek, 2008.
[19] Corner B. The crustal framework of Namibia derived from an integrated interpretation of geophysical and geological data[C]//Miller R McG. The geology of Namibia. volume 1:Archaean to Mesoproterozoic. Geological Survey of Namibia, 2008, 2:1-19.
[20] Miller R M. The Pan-African Damara orogen of south west Africa/Namibia[C]//Miller R McG. Evolution of the Damara orogen. Special Publications of the Geological Society of South Africa, 1983, 11:431-515.
[21] Goscombe B, Hand M, Gray D R. Structure of the Kaoko belt, Namibia:progressive evolution of a classic transpressional orogeny[J]. Journal of Structural Geology, 2003, 25:1049-1081.
[22] Goscombe B, Gray D, Hand M. Extrusion tectonics in the core of a transpressional orogen:the Kaoko belt, Namibia[J]. Journal of Petrology, 2005, 46:1203-1241.
[23] Grotzinger J P, Miller R McG. Nama Group[C]//Miller R McG. The geology of Namibia. volume 2:Neoproterozoic to lower Palaeozoic. Geological Survey of Namibia, 2008, 13:229-272.
[24] Kinnaird J A, Nex P A M. A review of geological controls on uranium mineralisation in sheeted leucogranites within the Damara orogen, Namibia[J]. Applied Earth Science, 2007, 116:69-85.
[25] Jacob R E, Moore J M, Armstrong R A. Zircon and titanite age determination from igneous rocks in the Karibib district, Namibia:implications for Navachab vein-style gold mineralization[J]. Communications of the Geological Survey of Namibia, 2000, 12:157-166.
[26] Kasch K W. Regional P-T variations in the Damara orogen with particular referenceto early high-pressure metamorphism along the southern margin[C]//Miller R McG. Evolution of the Damara orogen. Special Publications of the Geological Society of South Africa, 1983, 11:243-253.
[27] Smith D A M. The geology of the area around the Khan and Swakop rivers in south West Africa[C]. Memoir of the Geological Survey of South Africa, 1965, 3:107.
[28] Nash C R. Metamorphic petrology of the SJ area, Swakopmund district, south West Africa[J]. Bulletin of the Precambrian Research Unit, University of Cape Town, 1971, 9:77.
[29] Coward M P. The tectonic history of the Damaran belt[C]//Miller R McG. Evolution of the Damara orogen in south West Africa/Namibia. Special Publications of the Geological Society of South Africa, 1983, 11:409-421.
[30] Blaine J L. Tectonic evolution of the Waldau ridge structure and the Okahandja lineament in part of the central Damara orogen, west of Okahandja, south West Africa[J]. Bulletin of the Precambrian Research Unit, University of Cape Town, 1977, 21:99.
[31] Barnes J F H. Some aspects of the tectonic history of the Khan-Swakop region of the Damara belt, Namibia:doctor's degree thesis[D]. Leeds:University of Leeds, 1981.
[32] Jacob R.E, Snowden P A, Bunting F J L. Geology and structural development of the Tumas basement dome and its cover rocks[C]//Miller R McG. Evolution of the Damara orogen. Special Publications of the Geological Society of South Africa, 1983, 11:157-172.
[33] Nex P A M. Tectono-metamorphic setting and evolution of granitic sheets in the Goanikontes area, Namibia:doctor's degree thesis[D]. Cork:National University of Ireland, 1997.
[34] Nex P A M, Kinnaird J A. Granites and their mineralization in the Swakop river area around Goanikontes, Namibia[J]. Communications of the Geological Survey of Namibia, 1995, 10:51-56.
[35] Freemantle G G. Primary uranium mineralization of the central Damara orogeny, Namibia:doctor's degree thesis[D]. Johannesburg:University of the Witwatersrand, 2017.
[36] Cross A, Jaireth S, Rapp R, et al. Reconnaissance-style EPMA chemical U-Th-Pb dating of uraninite[J]. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 2009, 58(6):675-683.
[37] Hoffmann K H. Application of tectonostratigraphic terrane analysis in the Damara Province central and northern Namibia, 25-27[C]//Hartnady C J H. Proc. Abstr. Alex L. du Toit golden jbilee conference on tectonostratigraphic strain analysis. Precambrian Research Unit, University of Cape Town (South Africa), 1987:69.
[38] Henry G. The sedimentary evolution of the Damara sequence in the lower Khan river valley, Namibia:doctor's degree thesis[D]. Johannesburg:University of the Witwatersrand, 1992.
[39] Hoffmann K H, Prave A R. A preliminary note on a revised subdivision and regional correlation of the Otavi group based on glaciogenic diamictites and associated cap dolostones[J]. Communications of the Geological Survey of Namibia, 1996, 11:77-82.
[40] Anderson H, Nash C. Integrated lithostructural mapping of the Rössing area, Namibia using high resolution aeromagnetic, radiometric landsat data and aerial photographs[J]. Exploration Geophysics, 1997, 28:185-191.
[41] Brandt R. Granitic magmatism in the Damara orogenic belt, Namibia[J]. Revista Brasileira de Geociências, 1987, 17:459-463.
[42] Longridge L. Tectonothermal evolution of the southwestern central zone, Damara belt, Namibia:doctor's degree thesis[D]. Johannesburg:University of the Witwatersrand, 2012.
[43] De Kock G S, Eglington B, Armstrong R A, et al. U-Pb and Pb-Pb ages of the Naauwpoort rhyolite, Kawaeup leptite and Okongava diorite:implications for the onset of rifting and orogenesis in the Damara belt, Namibia[J]. Communication of the Geological Survey of Namibia, 2000, 12:81-88.
[44] Sawyer E W. The geology of an area south-east of Walvis Bay:lithology, sedimentation and field relationships[C]. Geological Survey of Namibia Regional Geology Reports, 1976.
[45] Henry G, Stanistreet I G, Maiden K J. Preliminary results of a sedimentological study of the Chuos Formation in the central zone of the Damara orogen:evidence for mass flow processes and glacial activity[J]. Communications of the Geological Survey of Namibia, 1986, 2:75-92.
[46] Hoffman P F. On Cryogenian (Neoproterozoic) ice-sheet dynamics and the limitations of the glacial sedimentary record[J]. South African Journal of Geology, 2005, 108:557-577.
[47] Hoffmann K H, Condon D J, Bowring S A, et al. U-Pb zircon date from the Neoproterozoic Ghaub Formation, Namibia:constraints on Marinoan glaciation[J]. Geology, 2004, 32:817-820.
[48] De Kock G S. A reappraisal of the Namibian Damara stratigraphy in part of the southern Swakop terrane and its implications to basin evolution[J]. South African Journal of Geology, 2001, 104:115-136.
[49] Porada H, Wittig R. Turbidites and their significance for the geosynclinal evolution of the Damara orogen, south west Africa/Namibia[C]//Miller R McG. Evolution of the Damara orogen of south West Africa/Namibia. Geological Society of South Africa Special Publication, 1983, 11:21-36.
[50] Cuney M. Preliminary results on the petrology and fluid inclusions of the Rössing uraniferous alaskites[J].Transactions of the Geological Society of South Africa, 1980, 83:39-45.
[51] Milani L, Kinnaird J A, Lehmann J, et al. Role of crustal contribution in the early stage of the Damara orogen, Namibia:new constraints from combined U-Pb and Lu-Hf isotopes from the Goas magmatic complex[J]. Gondwana Research, 2015, 28:961-986.
[52] Jung S, Hoernes S, Mezger K. Synorogenic melting of mafic lower crust:constraints from geochronology, petrology and Sr, Nd, Pb and O isotope geochemistry of quartz diorites (Damara orogen, Namibia)[J]. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 2002, 143:551-566.
[53] Blaxland A, Gohn E, Haack U, et al. Rb/Sr ages of late-tectonic granites in the Damara orogen, south West Africa/Namibia[J]. Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Monatshefte, 1979, 11:498-508.
[54] Jacob R E. Geology and metamorphic petrology of part of the Damara orogen along the lower Swakop river, south West Africa[J]. Bulletin of the Precambrian Research Unit, University of Cape Town, 1974, 17:184.
[55] Johnson S D, Poujol M, Kisters A F M. Constraining the timing and migration of collisional tectonics in the Damara belt, Namibia:U-Pb zircon ages for the syntectonic Salem type Stinkbank granite[J]. South African Journal of Geology, 2006, 109:611-624.
[56] Allsopp H L, Barton E S, Kröner A, et al. Emplacement versus inherited isotopic age patterns:a Rb-Sr and U-Pb study of Salem-type granites in the central Damara belt[C]//Miller R McG. Evolution of the Damara orogen. Special Publications of the Geological Society of South Africa, 1983, 11:281-287.
[57] Sawyer E W. Damaran structural and metamorphic geology of an area south-east of Walvis Bay, south West Africa/Namibia[C]. Memoir of the Geological Survey of South West Africa, 1981, 7:94.
[58] Briqueu L, Lancelot J P, Valois J P, et al. Géochronologie U-Pb et gènese d'un type de minéralisation uranifère:les alaskites de Goanikontes (Namibie) et leurencaissant[J]. Bulletin des Centre de. Récherches Exploration-production Elf-Aquitaine, 1980, 4:759-811.
[59] Hoffmann C. Granites and migmatities of the Damara belt, south West Africa:petrography and melting experiments[J]. Geologische Rundschau, 1976, 65:939-966.
[60] Longridge L, Gibson R L, Kinnaird J A. Dome formation mechanisms in the southwestern central zone of the Damara orogen, Namibia[J]. Trabajos de Geología, Universidad de Oviedo, 2009, 29:440-444.
[61] Corner B, Henthorn D I. Results of a Palaeomagnetic survey undertaken in the Damara mobile belt, south West Africa, with special reference to the magnetisation of the uraniferous pegmatitic granites[C]. South African Atomic Energy Board Report PEL, 1978:260.
[62] Tack L, Williams I, Bowden P. SHRIMP consraints on early post-collisional granitoids of the Ida dome, central Damara (Pan-African) belt, western Namibia[C]. Abstracts of the 11th IAGOD Quadrennial Symposium and Geocongress, Windhoek, Namibia, 2002.
[63] Kröner A, Retief E A, Compston W, et al. Single-age and conventional zircon dating of remobilised basement gneisses in the central Damara belt of Namibia[J]. South African Journal of Geology, 1991, 94:379-387.
[64] 王生云, 范洪海, 陈金勇, 等. 纳米比亚欢乐谷地区斑状花岗岩成因及构造背景[J]. 世界地质, 2013, 32(4):773-782. WANG Sheng-yun, FAN Hong-hai, CHEN Jin-yong, et al. Petrogenesis and tectonic setting of porphyritic granites in Gaudeanmus area, Namibia[J]. Global Geology, 2013, 32(4):773-782.
[65] Kinny P D, McNaughton N J,Fanning C M, et al. 518 Ma sphene (titanite)from the Khan pegmatite,Namibia, southwest Africa:a potential ion-microprobe standard[C]. Abstracts of the eighth international conference on geochronology, cosmochronology, and isotope geology. U. S. Geological Survey Circular 1107, 1994.
[66] Knupp K P. Geophysical interpretation of high resolution airborne magnetic and radiometric data[J]. Internal Report, 2014, 1:1-77.
[67] Nex P A M, Kinnaird J A, Oliver G J H. Petrology, geochemistry and uranium mineralization of post collisional magmatism around Goanikontes, southern central zone, Namibia[J]. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 2001, 33:481-502.
[68] 陈金勇, 范洪海, 王生云, 等. 纳米比亚欢乐谷地区白岗岩型铀矿成矿机理剖析[J]. 高校地质学报, 2016, 23(2):202-212. CHEN Jin-yong, FAN Hong-hai, WANG Sheng-yun, et al. Discussion on mineralization mechanism of leucogranite-type uranium deposit in Gaudeanmus area, Namibia[J]. Geological Journal of China Universities, 2016, 23(2):202-212.
[69] Masberg P. Garnet growth in medium-pressure granulite facies metapelites from the central Damara orogen:igneous metamorphic history, 115-124[C]//Miller R McG. Henno Martin Commemorative Volume, Communs Geology Survey Namibia, 2000, 12:414.
[70] Puhan D. Temperature and pressure of metamorphism in the central Damara orogen, 219-223[C]//Miller R McG. Evolution of the Damara orogen of south west African/Namibia. Special Publications of the Geological Society of South Africa, 1983, 11:515.
[71] Hartmann O, Hoffer E, Haack U. Regional metamorphism in the Damara orogen:interaction of crust motion and heat transfer, 233-241[C]//Miller R McG. Evolution of the Damara orogen of south West African/Namibia. Special Publications of the Geological Society of South Africa, 1983, 11:515.
[72] Bühn B, Okrusch M, Woermann E, et al. Metamorphic evolution of Neoproterozoic manganese formations and their country rocks at Otjosondu[J]. Namibian Journal of Petrology, 1995, 36:463-496.

通讯作者: