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In order to study the petroleum distribution regularity of Great South Basin��the authors analyzed the relationship between the tectonic evolution and the hydrocarbon accumulation �� The result shows that the tectonic evolution of the Great South Basin has been divided into four stages including of the pre- rift�� rift�� drift and formation of new plate boundary�� The tectonic evolution has played an important role in the formation of hydrocarbon accumulation�� The formation and distribution of main source rocks are controlled by the tectonic position and controlling- depression faults of the basin��and develop mainly on the downthrown sides in early rift lake basin�� While the main high- quality reservoirs in the Great South Basin distributed in the Cretaceous rift lake basin�� Meanwhile��the traps associated with the faulted horst and the basement salient��and the hydrocarbon migration and accumulation�� are controlled by tectonism�� Most of the traps have inheritance��and can be divided into western slope��central depression and eastern embossment structural belts�� Vertically��the oil and gas mainly accumulated in the Cretaceous strata where faults are developed�� Laterally��the oil and gas mainly accumulated near the source rocks��and the central depression is the most favorable accumulation zone��