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In order to solve the problem of soft soil can not be satisfied with the demand of construction project, the reinforcement and improvement of soft soil's engineering characters are needed. The authors used laboratory tests to contrast the characters of unreinforced and reinforced soft soil in Jiangmen area, such as the basic physical, physical and chemical, and mechanical properties, and studied the micro-structural change of unreinforced and reinforced soil by scanning electron microscope. Clay group of reinforced soft soil were significantly reduced, gravel and silt groups increased, pH value and cation exchange capacity became lower, Ca²⁺, CI^- and HCO^-₃ contents decreased, and the contents of other ions did not change obviously. Connectivity between the particles increased in reinforcement process, and mechanical properties increased simultaneously. Unreinforced soil was flocculation structure with more large pores, and reinforced soil was granular structure with smaller pores between grains. The consolidation affects of vacuum combined with surcharge pre-loading are obviously, the engineering nature of soft soil improved and met the construction needs.